Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > exam two study guide > Flashcards

exam two study guide Flashcards

1
Q

prefix, core or suffix for antibacterials

A

-dazole, -mycin, sulfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

prefix, core or suffix for cephalosporin antibiotic

A

-cef, ceph-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prefix, core or suffix for penicillin antibiotic

A

-cillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prefix, core or suffix for quinolone antibiotic

A

-floxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

prefix, core or suffix for tertracycline

A

-cycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prefix, core or suffix for antifungal

A

-nazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

prefix, core or suffix for antiviral

A

-vir, -vudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bactericidial

A

kill the bacteria by disruption of the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what antibiotics are included in SILLY CEPH’s CAMO

A

penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glycopeptide

A

-antibiotic
-vancomycin: #1 treatments for C Diff, narrow therapeutic index, treat with peak and troughs, 2nd treatment for C Diff: metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tobramycin

A

-used for eyes
-amino-glycosides: narrow therapeutic index, treat with peak and trough, nephrotoxic and ototoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bacteriostatic

A

preventing bacterial growth and replication by inhibiting protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

clindamycin

A

antibiotic, #1 cause of C Diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erythromycin

A

-group macrolide
-causes QT prolongation (torsade’s de pointes)
-take if your have a PCN allergy
- pregnant women can take this
-take with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

broad-spectrum antibiotics

A

-used before culture and sensitivity
-typically have a wide range of bacteria that they target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

narrow spectrum antibiotics

A

-after culture and sensitivity
-identify the bacteria and how best to treat it
-we can use narrow spectrum to focus on the bacteria causing infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

wound cultures (when should they be done)?

A

-C&S should be done to distinguish and narrow the spectrum the antibiotic
-which helps prevent antibiotic resistant pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why are the resistant strains of antibiotics?

A

-some resistant bacteria are now able to have preferred conditions to take over
-prevention:over-prescribing antibiotic, not finishing course overuse in livestock and farm, HAIs, lack of hygiene, lack of new antibiotics being developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how to prevent antimicrobial resistance with client teaching

A

take meds as prescribed, finish course of antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how to prevent the spread of transmission of infectious micro organism (HAIs)

A

-disinfectant
-antiseptic
-hand-washing
-immunizations
-education
-evaluate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why do super-infections happen with antimicrobial therapy?

A

host flora is often destroyed because antibiotics cannot distinguish between them or pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what specific types of infections are considered superinfections and what are the s/s

A

C Diff, candida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tx of superinfections

A

vancomycin, metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

s/s of superinfections

A

diarrhea, painful urination, abdominal vaginal discharges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

general client teaching for antibacterial drugs

A

take full dosage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

s/s, nursing actions, and tx expected for patient experiencing an allergic response

A

-stop talking the drug, rash, hives, anaphylaxis, treat with antihistamines (epinephrine if anaphylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which drugs are contraindicated for penicillin allergies and why?

A

-penicillin G, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin/cefalexin, meropenem, aztreonam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why drugs cause photosensitivity?

A

tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which antibiotics are the safest during pregnancy?

A

acylcovir, zidovudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy

A

ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

which drugs require peak and trough levels

A

vancomycin and gentamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

indications for PENICILLIN G

A

gram + infection, strep throat, prophylaxis for dental procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

actions for PENICILLIN G

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis (BACTERICIDAL), narrow spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

adverse effects for PENICILLIN G

A

N/V/D, thrush, rash, anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

contraindications for PENICILLIN G

A

PCN allergy, AKI/severe renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

indication for AMOXICILLIN

A

respiratory infection, sinusitis, ear infections, endocarditis, prophylaxis for dental procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

actions for AMOXICILLIN

A

BACTERICIDIAL, blocks synthesis of bacterial cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

adverse effects for AMOXICILLIN

A

diarrhea, C Diff, allergic reaction, mononucleosis + amoxicillin=rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

contraindications for AMOXICILLIN

A

PCN allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

amoxicillin-clavulanate

A

combats antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

indications for AMPICILLIN

A

otitis media, sinusitis, resp infection, GU infections, menigitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

action for AMPICILLIN

A

BACTERICIDIAL, broad sprectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

adverse effects of AMPICILLIN

A

rash, anaphylaxis, diarrhea, c diff, thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

contraindication for AMPICILLIN

A

PCN allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

indications of CEPHALEXIN

A

broad spectrum infections, skin infections, respiratory/sinus infections, UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

action of CEPHALEXIN

A

broad spectrum, BACTERICIDAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

adverse effects of CEPHALEXIN

A

N/V/D, C Diff, oral thrush, vaginal yeast infection (vaginitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

contraindications of CEPHALEXIN

A

PCN allergy, cephalosporins, caution in renal impairment and bleeding disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

indications of MEROPENEM

A

peritonitis, UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

action of MEROPENEM

A

BACTERICIDAL, broad spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

adverse effects of MEROPENEM

A

allergy, GI upset, supra infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

contraindications of MEROPENEM

A

PCN or cephalosporins allergy, pregnancy C, caution in renal impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

indications of AZTREONAM

A

Severe UTI, Sepsis, Resp. Infections,, Intraabdominal & surgical infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

actions of AZTREONAM

A

BACTERICIDIAL, Only available in IV or IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

adverse effects of AZTREONAM

A

-Allergy
-Diarrhea
-GI upset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

contraindications of AZTREONAM

A

-Renal and hepatic dysfunction
-PCN allergy
-Cephalosporins allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

indications of VANCOMYCIN

A

i. Staph. infection
ii. IV: MRSA
iii. Oral: C. Diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

action of VANCOMYCIN

A

BACTERICIDIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

side effects of vancomycin

A

(FONT)
i. Flushing (Red man syndrome)
ii. Ototoxicity
iii. Nephrotoxicity
iv. Thrombophlebitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

contraindications of VANCOMYCIN

A

prior allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

indications of FOSFOMYCIN

A

UTI

62
Q

action of FOSFOMYCIN

A

BACTERICIDIAL

63
Q

adverse effects of FOSFOMYCIN

A

i. Diarrhea
ii. HA
iii. Vaginitis
iv. Drowsiness
v. Abdominal pain

64
Q

contraindications of FOSFOMYCIN

A

renal and hepatic impairment, take on an empty stomach

65
Q

indications of TETRACYCLINE

A

i. PCN Allergy
ii. Acne vulgaris
iii. Dental infections
iv. STD- chlamydia pheumonia
v. Peptic ulcers (H. pylori)
vi. Lyme disease

66
Q

action of TETRACYCLINE

A

BACTERIOSTATIC, broad spectrum

67
Q

adverse effects of TETRACYCLINE

A

i. C. diff
ii. Photosensitivity
iii. Hepatotoxicity
iv. Tooth discoloration in kid < 8 y/o
v. Esophageal ulceration
vi. GI upset

68
Q

contraindication of TETRACYCLINE

A

i. Pregnancy
ii. Liver & kidney dysfunction
iii. Children < 8 years old

69
Q

indications of ERYTHROMYCIN

A

i. PCN allergy pt. with infections
ii. Strep throat
iii. Diphtheria
iv. STD- Chlamydia

70
Q

action of ERYTHROMYCIN

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

71
Q

adverse effects of ERYTHROMYCIN

A

i. GI Upset
ii. Prolongued QT intervals
iii. Ototoxicity

72
Q

contraindication of ERYTHROMYCIN

A

i. Liver disease,
ii. QT prolongation on another med
iii. Warfarin Caution
take with meals

73
Q

indications of GENTAMYCIN

A

i. Gram – infections
ii. UTI
iii. Pyelonephritis
iv. Intrabdominal infections
v. Conjunctivitis

74
Q

action of GENTAMYCIN

A

BACTERICIDIAL

75
Q

adverse effects of GENTAMYCIN

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

76
Q

contraindications of GENTAMYCIN

A

pregnancy, renal failure, peak and trough levels needed, available as IV, ear/eye drops

77
Q

what drugs are used to treat UTIs

A

sulfonamides, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, phenazopyridine

78
Q

causes of oral thrush

A

immunosuppression, diabetes, HIV, chemotherapy, antibiotic use of cortisone inhaler

79
Q

tx of oral thrush

A

nystatin oral solution, clotrimazole oral solution, fluconazole orally

80
Q

types of protozoal infections

A

amebiasis & giardiasis, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, anaerobic bacterial infections, c diff

81
Q

first line of antibiotics used to treat TB

A

isoniazid with rifampin (6-12 months) and pyrazinamide +/- ethambutol (first 2 months)

82
Q

indications of TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

A

i. UTI
ii. Pneumonia
iii. Otitis media
iv. HIV pneumonia
v. Many other types of infections

83
Q

action of TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

A

BACTERICIDIAL

84
Q

adverse effects of TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

A

i. SJS
ii. C. Diff
iii. Bone marrow suppression
iv. Crystals in urine and nephrons
v. Photosensitivity
vi. Kernicterus in newborns
vii. Hyperkalemia

85
Q

contraindications of TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE

A

i. Sulfa allergy
ii. Renal failure
iii. Term pregnancy
e. Stay hydrated

86
Q

indications for NITROFURANTOIN

A

i. Lower UTI’s
ii. Prevent reoccurring UTI’s

87
Q

actions for NITROFURANTOIN

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

88
Q

adverse effects of NITROFURANTOIN

A

i. Anorexia
ii. N/V/D
iii. Hypersensitivity reaction
iv. Bone marrow suppression
v. Peripheral neuropathy

89
Q

contraindications of NITROFURANTOIN

A

i. Renal impairment
ii. Pregnancy B
1. Avoid in 3rd trimester
e. Turns urine a rust-yellow color
f. Take with food or milk

90
Q

indications fo CIPROFLOXACIN

A

i. Urinary infections
ii. Pneumonias
iii. Infection diarrhea
iv. Bone (osteomyelitis)
v. Joint
vi. Skin
vii. Soft tissue infections
viii. Anthrax exposure

91
Q

actions of CIPROFLOXACIN

A

BACTERICIDAL

92
Q

adverse effects of CIPROFLOXACIN

A

i. GI discomfort
1. N/V/D
ii. Achilles tendon rupture
iii. Supra-infection
1. Thrush
2. Vaginal yeast infection
iv. Photosensitivity

93
Q

contraindications of CIPROFLOLAXIN

A

i. Avoid if <18 years
ii. Elderly
iii. Use with caution if on warfarin
iv. Caution with renal impairment

94
Q

indications of PHENAZOPYRIDIINE

A

relieves symptoms of cystitis

95
Q

actions of PHENAZOPYRIDINE

A

analgesic effect to bladder and urethral mucose

96
Q

adverse effects of PHENAZOPYRIDINE

A

i. Turns urine and other body fluids red.

97
Q

contraindications of PHENAZOPYRIDINE

A

i. Acute kidney injury
ii. CKD
iii. Pregnancy B
e. Take with meals

98
Q

indications of CLINDAMYCI

A

i. Bacterial infections
ii. MRSA
iii. Skin infections
iv. Pneumonia
v. Dental infections
vi. Acne (topical)

99
Q

action of CLINDAMYCIN

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

100
Q

adverse effects of CLINDAMYCIN

A

i. #1 to cause C. Diff
ii. GI upset
iii. N/D
iv. Metallic taste

101
Q

contraindications of CLINDAMYCIN

A

i. Use cautiously in those with colitis, renal or hepatic impairment
e. Take with a full glass of water avoid irritating esophagus

102
Q

indication of ISONIAZAID

A

TB, positive PPD test

103
Q

action of ISONIAZAID

A

i. Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall

104
Q

adverse effects of ISONIAZAID

A

i. Peripheral neuropathy
1. Treat/prevent neuropathy with pyridoxine (Vit. B6)
ii. Jaundice (from hepatotoxicity)
iii. Hyperglycemia and decreased glucose control in diabetics

105
Q

contraindications of ISONIAZAID

A

liver disease

106
Q

indications of RIFAMPIN

A

TB

107
Q

actions of RIFAMPIN

A

BACTERICIDAL, ii. Blocks RNA synthesis of mycobacterium

108
Q

adverse effects of RIFAMPIN

A

i. Turns body fluids a redish/orange color
ii. Hepatotoxicity
iii. GI upset
iv. C. Diff

109
Q

contraindication of RIFAMPIN

A

i. Pregnancy B
ii. Liver dysfunction

110
Q

indications of AMPHOTERICIN B

A

severe systemic infections (IV only)

111
Q

actions of AMPHOTERICIN B

A

i. Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall

112
Q

adverse effects of AMPHOTERICIN B

A

i. IV site phlebitis
ii. Nephrotoxic
iii. Bone marry suppression
iv. Infusion reaction
v. Hypokalemia

113
Q

contraindications of AMPHOTERICIN B

A

i. N/A
ii. Pretreat infusion reactions = acetaminophen and diphenhydramine

114
Q

indications of KETONAZOLE

A

i. Antifungal medication
ii. Treats several fungal infections
iii. Available in topical, oral, or IV (rare)

115
Q

actions of KETONAZOLE

A

i. Inhibits fungal cell membrane production

116
Q

adverse effects of KETONAZOLE

A

i. Hepatitis
ii. Gynecomastia in men
iii. Irregular menses in women (oral only)
iv. Anti-androgen effects

116
Q

adverse effects of KETONAZOLE

A

i. Hepatitis
ii. Gynecomastia in men
iii. Irregular menses in women (oral only)
iv. Anti-androgen effects

117
Q

indications of NYSTATIN

A

i. Candidiasis
1. Oral and Vaginal

118
Q

actions of NYSTATIN

A

i. Destroys fungal cells

119
Q

adverse effects of NYSTATIN

A

N/V/D

120
Q

contraindications of NYSTATIN

A

N/A

121
Q

administration of NYSTATIN

A

i. Topical powders and creams
ii. Oral tablet

122
Q

indications of METRONIDAZOLE

A

i. Protozoal GI infections
ii. Bacterial Baginosis
iii. Anerobic bacterial infections
iv. C. Diff (second line)

123
Q

actions of METRONIDAZOLE

A

i. Disrupts the DNA of cells

124
Q

adverse effects of METRONIDAZOLE

A

i. GI
1. N/V
ii. Dry mouth/ metallic taste
iii. CNS
1. Ataxia
2. Seizures
iv. Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol

125
Q

contraindications of METRONDIAZOLE

A

i. Alcoholism
ii. Seizure disorder
iii. Caution use of warfarin

126
Q

indications of ACYLCOVIR

A

i. HSV
ii. Varicella-zoster viruses
1. Chicken pox or shingles

127
Q

actions of ACYLCOVIR

A

i. Prevent the reproduction of Viral DNA and thus interrupt cell replication

128
Q

adverse effects of ACYLCOVIR

A

i. Minimal side effects orally
ii. Phlebitis at site (IV)
iii. Nephrotoxic (IV)

129
Q

contraindications of ACYLCOVIR

A

i. Severe renal failure (IV)

130
Q

indications of GANCICLOVIR

A

i. CMV in immunocompromised patients (HIV retinitis)
ii. Infected neonates

131
Q

actions of GANCICLOVIR

A

i. Prevent the reproduction of viral DMA and thus interrupts cell replication

132
Q

adverse effects of GANCICLOVIR

A

i. Bone marrow suppression
ii. Impair fertility

133
Q

contraindications of GANCICLOVIR

A

i. Sever renal failure (IV)
ii. Pregnancy (affects neonate)

134
Q

administration of GANCICLOVIR

A

i. IV only
ii. Poor oral absorption

135
Q

indications of ENFUVIRTIDE

A

i. Treatment of HIV that is unresponsive to other antiretrovirals

136
Q

actions of ENFUVIRTIDE

A

i. Decrease and limits HIV spread by blocking HIV from attaching to and entering CD4 T cell

137
Q

adverse effects of ENFUVIRTIDE

A

i. Pneumonia
ii. Localized erythema at injection site likely

138
Q

contraindications of ENFUVIRTIDE

A

i. Avoid while breastfeeding

139
Q

indications of ZIDOVUDINE

A

i. HIV/AIDS
ii. HIV + pregnant women
iii. Prophylaxis in newborns of HIV + mother
1. 1st line
a. 2 NRTIs + 3rd antiretroviral

140
Q

action of ZIDOVUDINE

A

i. Inhibits DNA synthesis in infected cells

141
Q

adverse effects of ZIDOVUDINE

A

i. Seizures
ii. Pancreatitis
iii. Bone marrow suppression
iv. Lactic acidosis
v. Myopathy (long term use)

142
Q

contraindications of ZIDOVUDINE

A

i. Liver failure
ii. Avoid while breast feeding

143
Q

indication of EFAVIRENZ

A

i. Used in combination with other antiretrovirals for treatment of HIV infections

144
Q

action of EFAVIRENZ

A

i. Binds directly to reverse transcriptase
ii. Disrupts the shape of the enzyme active site
iii. The inhibition prevents viral DNA form synthesized from HIV RNA

145
Q

adverse effects of EFAVIRENZ

A

i. Severe rashes
ii. Flu-like symptoms
iii. CNS symptoms of nightmares and drowsiness

146
Q

indications of LOPINAVIR

A

i. Inhibits HIV protease, the final step in the assembly of an infectious HIV virion is prevented

147
Q

actions of LOPINAVIR

A

i. Lopinavir is the active components of the combination, Ritonavir inhibits the hepatic breakdown of lopinavir

148
Q

adverse effects of LOPINAVIR

A

i. GI upset
ii. Hyperglycemia
iii. Osteoporosis
iv. High lipid levels

149
Q

contraindications of LOPINAVIR

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Heart disease
  3. Osteoporosis

Pharmacology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions