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Pharmacology > exam one study guide > Flashcards

exam one study guide Flashcards

1
Q

ABCDE?

A

structure way of approaching a trauma or critically ill patient
A: airway, assess how air gets into the lungs, checking mouth and neck
B: breathing, only looking at lungs, hemothorax?
C: circulation for cardiovascular system
D: diability, broken arm?
E: exposure, enviroment

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2
Q

absorption

A

movement of a drug from its site of origin into bloodstream

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3
Q

adverse effects

A

-undesirable and unintended effect of a drug
-unrelated to pharmacological action of drug

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4
Q

agonist/antagonist

A

-agonist: drug that activates a receptor and produces the same type of response as an internal substance
-antagonist: drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding and blocking a receptor

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5
Q

aloe drug class

A

laxative supplement

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6
Q

aloe therapeutic class

A

dietary

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7
Q

indications of aloe

A

soothe painful burns, heals burns, softens skin

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8
Q

actions of aloe

A

anti inflammatory, analgesic, laxative

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9
Q

adverse effects of aloe

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalance

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10
Q

contraindications of aloe

A

avoid in kidney and cardiac disorders if taken orally

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11
Q

interactions of aloe

A

lower potassium from diarrhea, can increase warfarin effects

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12
Q

anaphylaxis

A

most severe and life threatening condition

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13
Q

bioavailability principle

A

rate and extent the active ingredient is absorbed into the bloodstream

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14
Q

drug class of black cohosh

A

herbal supplement

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15
Q

therapeutic class of black cohosh

A

dietary

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16
Q

indications of black cohosh

A

menopausal symptoms, women’s hormonal related symptoms, PMS

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17
Q

actions of black cohosh

A

unknown, estrogen subsitute

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18
Q

adverse effects of black cohosh

A

GI uspet, HA, vaginal bleeding, possible liver injury

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19
Q

contraindications of black cohosh

A

pregnancy, breast cancer, kidney disease, liver disease

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20
Q

interactions of black cohosh

A

increase effects of antihypertensives, estrogens and BCP

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21
Q

drug class of saw palmetto

A

herbal supplement

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22
Q

therapeutic class of saw palmetto

A

dietary

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23
Q

indications of saw palmetto

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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24
Q

actions of saw palmetto

A

can decrease prostate enlargement

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25
Q

adverse effects of saw palmetto

A

GI upset, increase blood thinning

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26
Q

contraindications of saw palmetto

A

pregnancy X, use of platelets

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27
Q

depot medication

A

slow release form of medication, IM or sub q, lasts a lot longer

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28
Q

similar drugs to cannaboids

A

dronabinol, nabilone

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29
Q

therapeutic class of cannaboids

A

dietary

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30
Q

indications of cannaboids

A

pain, chronic pain, neuropathies, diabetes, spasticity

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31
Q

actions of cannaboids

A

activates cannabinoid receptor in the CNS

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32
Q

adverse effects of cannaboids

A

increased HR, appetite, sleepiness, dizziness

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33
Q

contraindications of cannaboids

A

asthma, cardiac disease

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34
Q

drug adherence

A

ability to take drugs properly

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35
Q

drug distribution

A

transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action

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36
Q

drugs and aplastic anemia

A

-aplastic anemia: an adverse effect of bone marrow suppression where all cell lines are reduced

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37
Q

drug toxicity

A

drugs that can cause tissue injury

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38
Q

nephrotoxicity

A

kidney injury, renal tubules are exposed to high concentration can become injured

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39
Q

neurotoxicity

A

brain/nerve toxicity, blood brain barrier controls access of certain drugs to brain

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40
Q

otototoxicity

A

hearing impairment to damage to eighth cranial nerve

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41
Q

hepatotoxicity

A

liver injury

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42
Q

dermatologic toxicity

A

skin rashes, urticaria

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43
Q

cardiotoxicity

A

-heart injury
-antiarrythmics, antimicrobials, antidepressants, antipsychotics

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44
Q

drug class of feverfew

A

herbal supplement

45
Q

therapeutic class of feverfew

A

dietary

46
Q

indications of feverfew

A

migraines, arthritis

47
Q

actions of feverfew

A

blocks platlet aggregation

48
Q

adverse effects of feverfew

A

GI upset, post feverfew syndrome, aggravate bleeding

49
Q

post feverfew syndrome

A

fatigue, headache and insomnia

50
Q

contraindications of feverfew

A

use of blood thinners, pregnancy and surgery

51
Q

first pass metabolism

A

if drug is metabolized in liver or excreted in the bile, drug will lose some of active ingredient, bioavailability is less than 100%

52
Q

drug class of garlic

A

herbal supplement

53
Q

therapeutic class of garlic

A

dietary

54
Q

indications of garlic

A

reduce atherosclerosis, reduce higher cholestrol

55
Q

actions of garlic

A

release enzyme allicin

56
Q

adverse effects of garlic

A

GI upset, bad breath, body odor, increase bleeding

57
Q

contraindications of garlic

A

use of NSAIDs, heparin, warfarin, hemophilia, surgery

58
Q

drug class of ginger root

A

herbal supplement

59
Q

therapeutic class of ginger root

A

dietary

60
Q

indications of ginger root

A

nausea, upset stomach, morning and motion sickness

61
Q

actions of ginger root

A

relieves vertigo

62
Q

adverse effects of ginger root

A

increased bleeding, hypoglycemia

63
Q

contraindications of ginger root

A

can increase miscarriage risk

64
Q

drug class of echinacea

A

herbal dietary supplement

65
Q

indications of echinacea

A

mainly used for the common cold

66
Q

actions of echinacea

A

possibly treats viruses

67
Q

adverse effects of echinacea

A

bitter taste, GI upset, fever, allergic reaction

68
Q

contraindications of echinacea

A

immunocompromised patients

69
Q

therapeutic class of gingko biloba

A

dietary supplement

70
Q

indications of gingko biloba

A

support memory

71
Q

actions of gingko biloba

A

promotes vasodilation

72
Q

adverse effects of gingko biloba

A

GI upset, HA, possible seizures

73
Q

contraindications of gingko biloba

A

use of blood thinnersm antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, epilepsy

74
Q

therapeutic class of glucosamine

A

dietary supplement

75
Q

indications of glucosamine

A

joint health

76
Q

actions of glucosamine

A

stimulates cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid

77
Q

adverse effects of glucosamine

A

nausea, heartburn, bleeding

78
Q

contraindications of glucosamine

A

shellfish allergy, concurrent use of antiplatelets or anticoagulants

79
Q

ideal drug

A

-effectively treats, prevents, cures patients condition
-produces rapid, predictable response ay relatively low doses

80
Q

peak/trough levels

A

-peak level is the highest concentration of a drug in the patients bloodstream
-trough levels is the lowest concentration of a drug in a patients bloodstream

81
Q

ADME

A

-absorption: process by which the drug enters the body, how will it get in?
-distribution: movement of the drug between various compartments, where will it go?
-metabolism: drug is structurally altered into another chemical entity, how is it broken down
-elimination: clearance of drug and its metabolites, how does it leave?

82
Q

polypharmacy

A

-use of 5+ drugs
-high prevalence in the geriatric population

83
Q

prototype medication

A

single drug from each class used to compare all the other drugs to each class

84
Q

placebo effect

A

serves as a control for the non treatment group

85
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

action of drug in the body

86
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

movement of drug in the body

87
Q

pregnancy category A

A

well controlled studies in pregnant women, shows no risk to fetus in any trimester

88
Q

pregnancy category B

A

animal studies shows no evidence to harm a fetus bu no good studies in humans

89
Q

pregnancy category C

A

no studied performed on animals or pregnancy

90
Q

pregnancy category D

A

well controlled studies that do show risk to the fetus but sometimes the benefits of a drug outweighs the risk

91
Q

pregnancy category X

A

evidence of fetal abnormality, never give to a pregnant women

92
Q

routes for drug adminstration

A

right patient, dose, route, drug, time

93
Q

steven johnson syndrome

A

severe adverse skin reaction due to medications

94
Q

therapeutic index

A

range of drug to provide a therapeutic response to the highest amount taken without causing cell/tissue injury

95
Q

torsades

A

rare type of ventricular tachycardia that can cause sudden cardiac death

96
Q

synergistic/ additive

A

-synergistic: the effect of 2 chemicals taken together is greater than the sum of their separate effects at the same doses, 1+1>2
-additive: the effect of 2 chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of the two chemicals taken separately, 1+1=2

97
Q

tolerance

A

taking a drug for a long time and the effect does not work when the drug was first taken

98
Q

drug adherence

A

ability to take drugs properly

99
Q

high risk drugs

A

A PINCH
A: anti infectives
P:potassium and other electrolytes
I: insulin
N: narcotics
C: chemotherapy agents
H: heparin and other anticoagulants

100
Q

hypnotic med

A

drugs used to induce, extend or prolong sleep

101
Q

penicillin allergy

A

most likely to cause an allergic reaction and causes skin reactions

102
Q

GABA system

A

-system of nervous system that inhibits neural excitability
-decrease GABA: insomnia

103
Q

med dosage calculation parameter

A

age, height and drug allergies are needed

104
Q

drug class for kava

A

herbal supplement

105
Q

therapeutic class for kava

A

dietary

106
Q

indications of kava

A

insomnia, anxiety, muscle cramping/erlaxation

107
Q

actions of kava

A

possibly acts on GABA receptors in the CNS, promotes sleep, decreases anxiety, muscle relaxant

108
Q

adverse effects of kava

A

dry, flaky skin, large doses can lead to liver injury

109
Q

contraindications of kava

A

concurrent use with CNS depressants including ETOH

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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