Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy II > Exam Two > Flashcards

Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be association with which classification of bone?

A

accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

heterotopic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at?

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

A
  • costal element
  • anterior tubercle
  • costotransverse bar
  • posterior tubercle
  • true transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A
  • splenius cervicis
  • iliocostalis cervicis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • levator scapula
  • middle scalene
  • posterior scalene
  • rotators
  • posterior intertransverse muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A
  • middle scalene

- posterior intertransverse muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A
  • 60 degrees anterolaterally (midsagittal plane)

- 15 degrees inferiorly (horizontal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A
  • vertebral artery
  • vertebral venous plexus
  • postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

forty to forty-five degrees from the coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

<p>What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?</p>

A

<p>-longissimus capitis -longissimus cervicis -semispinalis capitis -semispinalis cervicis -multifidis -rotators</p>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

meniscoidal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

typically C5/C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are non-bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A
  • spinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotators
  • interspinalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

- synovial (diarthrosis) trochoid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

A

synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A
  • levator scapula
  • splenius cervicis
  • rectus capitis anterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A
  • males: about fifty millimeters

- females: about thirty-seven millimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A
  • rectus capitis posterior minor muscle

- ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age 7 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will form?

A

an incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What forms the types of ponticulus posticus?

A

ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What other name may be used to identity a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1%-41%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A
  • costal element
  • posterior tubercle
  • true transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • middle scalene
  • levator scapula
  • splenius cervicis
  • obliquus capitis superior
  • obliquus capitis inferior
  • intertransversarii muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • rectus capitis posterior major
  • obliquus capitis inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A
  • the lateral mass

- the transverse process of atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

the retrotransverse foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A
  • the vertebral artery
  • a branch from the suboccipital nerve
  • veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A
  • males: 78 millimeters

- females: 72 millimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What names are given to C2?

A

axis or epistropheus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A
  • facet for fovea dentis
  • groove for transverse atlantal ligament
  • attachment sites for the alar ligaments
  • attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

five

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?

A

lordotic dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?

A

kyphotic dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
  • synovial (diarthrosis) trochoid joint
  • modified synovial (diarthrosis) sellar
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?

A

membrana tectoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?

A

the posterior longitudinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What attaches to the lamina of C2?

A
  • obliquus capitis inferior muscle
  • posterior atlanto-axial ligament
  • ligamentum flavum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What muscle attaches to the lamina of C2?

A

obliquus capitis inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2?

A

they are asymmetrical and slightly convex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?

A

forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What muscle attaches to the articular processes of C2?

A

longissimus cervicis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2?

A
  • costal element
  • posterior tubercle
  • true transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2?

A
  • males: fifty-seven millimeters

- females: about fifty millimeters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2?

A
  • levator scapulae
  • middle scalene
  • splenius cervicis
  • longissismus cervicis
  • intertransversarii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?

A
  • rectus capitis posterior major
  • obliquus capitis inferior
  • spinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • multifidus
  • rotators
  • interspinalis muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What names may be given to C7?

A

vertebra prominens and vertebral prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck?

A

vertebral prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What name is given only to C7?

A

vertebra prominens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence?

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C7?

A

eight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What joint classifications are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint
  • modified synovial (diarthrosis) sellar joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What muscle(s) attaches to the vertebral body of C7?

A

longus colli muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?

A
  • costal element
  • anterior tubercle
  • costotransverse bar
  • posterior tubercle
  • true transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What features are typically present in the transverse foramen of C7?

A
  • vertebral venous plexus

- postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C7?

A
  • middle scalene
  • iliocostalis thoracis
  • longissimus cervicis
  • semispinalis capitis
  • rotators
  • intertransversarii
  • levator costarum brevis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is the angulation of the articular facet at C7?

A

more vertical at about 63 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C7?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C7?

A

forward, medial, downward (ForMeD)

79
Q

What muscles will attach to the articular process of C7?

A
  • longissimus cervicis
  • longissimus capitis
  • semispinalis cervicis
  • multifidis
80
Q

What are the features of the spinous process of C7?

A

long, horizontal, nonbifid

81
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C7?

A
  • trapezius
  • rhomboid major
  • serratus posterior superior
  • splenius capitis
  • spinalis capitis
  • spinalis cervicis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotators
  • interspinalis
82
Q

What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C7?

A

ligamentum nuchae and interspinous ligaments

83
Q

The vertebral artery on which side is typically larger?

A

left vertebral artery

84
Q

What is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery?

A

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

85
Q

What is the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency?

A

the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

86
Q

Which side artery is tested during the course of the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

87
Q

What are the symptoms of failure of the vertebral artery to compensate during the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam?

A

dizziness, vertigo, nausea are common complaints

88
Q

Typically, at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen?

89
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its first compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-axial interspace

90
Q

At what location will the vertebral artery form its second compensatory loop?

A

the atlanto-occipital interspace

91
Q

At what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen?

A

both C1 and C2

92
Q

What is the purpose of the vetebral artery loops between C2, C1, and occiput?

A

the increased length will accomodate the greater rotation at these locations

93
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery as it enters the vertebral foramen of C1?

A

the adventitia of the artery blends with the dura mater and the arachnoid mater; as a result the artery lies in the subarachnoid space

94
Q

What happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1?

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine-medullary junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

95
Q

What are the superior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • C1: BUM
  • C2: BUL
  • C3-C7: BUM
96
Q

What are the inferior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • C1: BMD
  • C2-C6: FoLD
  • C7: ForMeD
97
Q

How many synovial joints are identified for each cervical vertebrae?

A
  • C1 = 5
  • C2 = 8
  • C3-C6 = 8
  • C7 = 6
98
Q

How many joints are identified at the vertebral body of each cervical vertebra?

A
  • C1 = none
  • C2 = 10
  • C3-6 = 10
  • C7 = 8
99
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

100
Q

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

101
Q

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

A

a kyphotic curve

102
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint
  • synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia joint
103
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

104
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

105
Q

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

typically ten; fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included

106
Q

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

A

the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

107
Q

What is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head/capitulum of the rib and the costal demi-facet surface?

A

the rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface

108
Q

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracis?

A

the lateral view

109
Q

What is the nerve-vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in the vertebral couple

110
Q

What is the rib-vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?

A

in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in the vertebral couple

111
Q

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

A

the superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

112
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A
  • intertransverse
  • capsular costotransverse
  • superior costotransverse
  • inferior costotransverse
  • lateral costotransverse
113
Q

How do the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare in the T2-T4 region?

A

the superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment

114
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

backward, upward and lateral (BUL)

115
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

forward, downward and medial (ForMeD)

116
Q

How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?

117
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?

118
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

A
  • the undersurface of T2-T4 spinous process will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
  • the undersurface of T5-T8 spinous process will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
119
Q

What joint classifications are present at every typical thoracic vertebra?

A
  • fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
  • cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint
  • synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia joint
120
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?

A

four normally

121
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T1?

122
Q

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?

A

typically ten; fourteen if the rib ligaments are included

123
Q

How many synovial joints are present at T1?

124
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces present at T1.

A
  • two superior costal facets
  • two inferior costal demi-facets
  • two transverse costal facets
  • two superior articular facets
  • two inferior articular facets
125
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T9?

A

typically ten; fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included

126
Q

How does the superior costal demi-facet of T9 compare in size with those of T2-T8?

A

it is larger

127
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10?

A

typically eight; twelve is the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included

128
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?

A

inferior costal demi-facets

129
Q

Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment?

130
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of T10?

A
  • longissimus thoracis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus and brevis
  • intertransversarii
  • levator costarum longus
  • levator costarum brevis
131
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T10?

132
Q

A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment?

133
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T10?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • interspinalis
134
Q

What is the name given to T11?

A

the anticlinal vertebra

135
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 in superior view?

A

kidney-shaped or reniform

136
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T11?

137
Q

How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T11?

A

typically eight; twelve if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included

138
Q

Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T11?

A

inferior costal demi-facets

139
Q

How does the superior costal facet of T11 compare in size with those of T10?

A

it is larger, below the superior epiphyseal rim, and is completely circular

140
Q

Which ligament of the costocentral joint is absent for the eleventh rib?

A

the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

141
Q

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of T11?

A
  • superior costotransverse
  • slightly developed inferior costotransverse
  • lateral costotransverse
142
Q

How many synovial joints are typically present at T11?

143
Q

Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T11.

A
  • two superior costal facets
  • two superior articular facets
  • two inferior articular facets
144
Q

Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T12?

A

psoas major and psoas minor

145
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the transverse process?

A

the lateral tubercle

146
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the mammillary process on the lumbars?

A

the superior tubercle

147
Q

Which tubercle on T12 represents the accessory process of the lumbars?

A

the inferior tubercle

148
Q

What joint surface of the typical thoracic transverse process is absent on T12?

A

the transverse costal facet

149
Q

What ligaments form the costotransverse joint for the twelth rib?

A
  • the superior costotransverse ligament from T11

- lumbocostal ligament from L1

150
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?

A
  • longissimus thoracis
  • semispinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • intertransversarii
151
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T12?

A

they face backward, upward and lateral (BUL)

152
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?

A

they face forward, downward and lateral (FoLD)

153
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • spinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • interspinalis
154
Q

What accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

A

the vertebral body and the intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

155
Q

What muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

A

psoas major and psoas minor

156
Q

What is the name given to ligaments which attach the vertebral body to articular process?

A

transforaminal ligaments

157
Q

What ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

A

corporotransverse ligaments

158
Q

Cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to the segments above

159
Q

What is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

160
Q

What is the proposed function of the cervical-upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist caudal movement of the dural sac; resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

161
Q

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

A

dura mater to the lower segmental levels

162
Q

What is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

A

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

163
Q

Congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process results in what feature?

A

styloid process

164
Q

What muscle(s) attach to the lumbar accessory process?

A
  • longissimus thoracis

- intertransversarii

165
Q

What osseous components are attached via the lumbocostal ligament?

A

the transverse process of L1 and neck/collum of the twelfth rib

166
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A
  • psoas major
  • quadratus lumborum
  • longissimus thoracis
  • rotators brevis
  • rotator longus
  • intertransversarii
167
Q

What ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar vertebra?

A
  • lumbocostal
  • mammillo-accessory
  • intertransverse
168
Q

What are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

A

vertebral body and pedicle

169
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

A
  • backward, upward, medial (BUM)

- concave

170
Q

What is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

A
  • forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

- significant convexity

171
Q

What muscle(s) will attach to the mammillary process?

A
  • multifidis

- intertransversarii

172
Q

What was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

173
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in children?

A

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane

174
Q

What is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

A
  • the zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2, L2/L3 and L3/L4
  • the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1
175
Q

What names are given to the condition in which one zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane or position and the other zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane or position?

A

joint asymmetry or joint tropism

176
Q

What is the name(s) of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to the aging process?

A

Baastrup’s syndrome or “kissing spines”

177
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical lumbar spinous process?

A
  • latissimus dorsi
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • iliocostalis lumborum
  • longissimus thoracis
  • spinalis thoracis
  • multifidis
  • rotator longus
  • rotator brevis
  • interspinalis
178
Q

What is the appearance of the fifth lumbar vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

anterior height is greater than posterior height by a several millimeters; it appears to form a wedge on a lateral X-ray view

179
Q

What muscles may attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A
  • psoas major
  • quadratus lumborum
  • longissimus thoracis
  • rotator brevis
  • rotator longus
  • intertransversarii
180
Q

What ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A
  • lumbosacral
  • iliolumbar
  • mammillo-accessory
181
Q

What are the posterior elements of the L5 vertebra?

A
  • zygapophysis
  • lamina
  • spinous process
182
Q

What is the reported angulation and X-ray appearance of the fifth lumbar articular facets?

A

they lie in the vertical plane and are coronal facets

183
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar superior articular facet?

A
  • backward, upward, medial (BUM)

- typically concave

184
Q

What is the orientation of the fifth lumbar inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

-significant convexity

185
Q

What is Baastrup’s syndrome?

A

elongation of the lumbar spinous process as a result of aging
-also called “kissing spines”

186
Q

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process is elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

A

Knife Clasp Syndrome

187
Q

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique X-ray view?

A

a Scotty dog

188
Q

What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique X-ray view?

A

a collared Scotty dog

189
Q

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique X-ray view?

A

a collared Scotty dog

190
Q

In an oblique X-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

A

the neck of the Scotty dog

191
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

A

the pedicle

192
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?

A

the superior articular process

193
Q

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

A

the transverse process

Spinal Anatomy II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions