exam three (memory) Flashcards
skills, habits or behaviors
implicit learning
change in behavior over time in repsonse to a single stimulus (habituation or sensitization) is called
non associative learning
response decrease in nonassoc. learning
habituation
response increase in nonassoc. learning
sensitization
acquisition of new information
learning
rentention and retrieval of learned info
memory
learning procedure whereby a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response because of its repeated pairing with some relevant event
pavlovian or classical conditioning
a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a new response (salivating for food)
unconditioned stimulus
in pavlonian conditioning an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus triggers conditioned response (salivation to bell instead of food (natural))
conditioned stimulus
learning procedure in which the consequences of a particular behavior increase or decrease the prob. of the behavior occuring again
operant conditioning (instrumental)
compared to pavlovian/ classical , operant conditioning is
purposeful and goal-directed
what region of the brain does selection and initiation of “motivated movements”
the basal ganglia projects to area ___
6
area 6 (in cortex) projects back to
basal ganglia (forms a loop)
part of brain associated with procedural memory
striatum
the striatum is made up of what two structures
caudate nucleus and putamen
lesions to the striatum show what type of disruption
disruption to procedural memory
in the modified radial arm they use lighted arms to show where food is; this requires the ____ to pair the light arm with the food in that arm
striatum
as trials progress, cells in the striatum will fire less at the action directly proceeding the reward and instead striatum will fire at
beginning and end (shows mapping habit)
temporary information storage; requires rehearsal and has limited capacity
working memory
what brain region controls working memory
prefrontal cortex
in animals required to use working memory certain cells in the prefrontal cortex will fire throughout the delay in experiments, what happens to the cell firing when an error happens
the cell stops responding before the error occurs
the wisconsin card-sorting task shows that lesions to prefrontal cortex impair ability to change card sorting ____
strategy
area ____ in charge of saccades is also connected to working memory
LIP
substantial loss of memory and or ability to form new memories
amnesia
“obvious” cause; most common
limited amnesia
amnesia
no associated cognitive deficit, psychoactive drug use or medical condition; rare
dissociated amnesia
inability to recall past memories
retrograde amnesia
inability to form new memories
anterograde amnesia
relatively short in duration; generally resolves within hours; due to temporary ischemia
transient global amnesia
who said that active neurons strengthen their connections and cells that fire together wire together
hebb
widely distributed among linked cells in the assembly (can include neurons for sensation and perception)
engram
declarative memory flows through what region
medial temporal lobe
the temporal lobe has a role in memory ____
storage
who demonstrated that stimulation of the temporal lobe people had hallucinations and recall ____ memories
episodic
the effects temporal lobectomy caused what kind of amnesia in HM
anterograde
HM had impaired had declarative memory but spared _____ memory
procedural (would get better mirror drawing task but couldn’t ever remember doing it)
lesions in the medial temporal lobe show impaired memory recognition at long but not short delays what does this show
working memory was still intact
the hippocampus function in declarative memory is to
bind sensory information for memory consolidation (important for spatial and location)
birds ahve what large area in their brain based off their need to use spatial cues
hippocampus
the ____ cortex is a major input to the hippocampus- place cells show “summation” of grid cells places and direction of mocement
entorhina;
different hippocampal neurons fired for _____ odor and location pairing
specific (this is the integration of sensory and local information)
area ____ may endode memory for faces; lesion impairs discrimination among faces despite intact visual systems
IT
the _____ thalamus being injured by low B1 in alcoholism or injury result in
sever memory impairment and confusion
system of interconnected brain structures take in sensory information, make associations, consolidate them and store the engrams for later recall
consolidation
what region is key for consolidation (basis for long term memory)
medial temporal lobe
each time memory retrieved by neocortex new traces are formed but the hippocampus is always involved
multiple trace model
engrams can be selectively altered even after consolidation
reconsolidation
