exam three (memory)

Question 1

skills, habits or behaviors

Answer 1

implicit learning

Question 2

change in behavior over time in repsonse to a single stimulus (habituation or sensitization) is called

Answer 2

non associative learning

Question 3

response decrease in nonassoc. learning

Answer 3

habituation

Question 4

response increase in nonassoc. learning

Answer 4

sensitization

Question 5

acquisition of new information

Answer 5

learning

Question 6

rentention and retrieval of learned info

Answer 6

memory

Question 7

learning procedure whereby a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response because of its repeated pairing with some relevant event

Answer 7

pavlovian or classical conditioning

Question 8

a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a new response (salivating for food)

Answer 8

unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

in pavlonian conditioning an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus triggers conditioned response (salivation to bell instead of food (natural))

Answer 9

conditioned stimulus

Question 10

learning procedure in which the consequences of a particular behavior increase or decrease the prob. of the behavior occuring again

Answer 10

operant conditioning (instrumental)

Question 11

compared to pavlovian/ classical , operant conditioning is

Answer 11

purposeful and goal-directed

Question 12

what region of the brain does selection and initiation of “motivated movements”

Question 13

the basal ganglia projects to area ___

Answer 13

6

Question 14

area 6 (in cortex) projects back to

Answer 14

basal ganglia (forms a loop)

Question 15

part of brain associated with procedural memory

Answer 15

striatum

Question 16

the striatum is made up of what two structures

Answer 16

caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 17

lesions to the striatum show what type of disruption

Answer 17

disruption to procedural memory

Question 18

in the modified radial arm they use lighted arms to show where food is; this requires the ____ to pair the light arm with the food in that arm

Answer 18

striatum

Question 19

as trials progress, cells in the striatum will fire less at the action directly proceeding the reward and instead striatum will fire at

Answer 19

beginning and end (shows mapping habit)

Question 20

temporary information storage; requires rehearsal and has limited capacity

Answer 20

working memory

Question 21

what brain region controls working memory

Answer 21

prefrontal cortex

Question 22

in animals required to use working memory certain cells in the prefrontal cortex will fire throughout the delay in experiments, what happens to the cell firing when an error happens

Answer 22

the cell stops responding before the error occurs

Question 23

the wisconsin card-sorting task shows that lesions to prefrontal cortex impair ability to change card sorting ____

Answer 23

strategy

Question 24

area ____ in charge of saccades is also connected to working memory

Answer 24

LIP

Question 25

substantial loss of memory and or ability to form new memories

Answer 25

amnesia

Question 26

“obvious” cause; most common

Answer 26

limited amnesia

Question 27

amnesia

no associated cognitive deficit, psychoactive drug use or medical condition; rare

Answer 27

dissociated amnesia

Question 28

inability to recall past memories

Answer 28

retrograde amnesia

Question 29

inability to form new memories

Answer 29

anterograde amnesia

Question 30

relatively short in duration; generally resolves within hours; due to temporary ischemia

Answer 30

transient global amnesia

Question 31

who said that active neurons strengthen their connections and cells that fire together wire together

Answer 31

hebb

Question 32

widely distributed among linked cells in the assembly (can include neurons for sensation and perception)

Answer 32

engram

Question 33

declarative memory flows through what region

Answer 33

medial temporal lobe

Question 34

the temporal lobe has a role in memory ____

Answer 34

storage

Question 35

who demonstrated that stimulation of the temporal lobe people had hallucinations and recall ____ memories

Answer 35

episodic

Question 36

the effects temporal lobectomy caused what kind of amnesia in HM

Answer 36

anterograde

Question 37

HM had impaired had declarative memory but spared _____ memory

Answer 37

procedural (would get better mirror drawing task but couldn’t ever remember doing it)

Question 38

lesions in the medial temporal lobe show impaired memory recognition at long but not short delays what does this show

Answer 38

working memory was still intact

Question 39

the hippocampus function in declarative memory is to

Answer 39

bind sensory information for memory consolidation (important for spatial and location)

Question 40

birds ahve what large area in their brain based off their need to use spatial cues

Answer 40

hippocampus

Question 41

the ____ cortex is a major input to the hippocampus- place cells show “summation” of grid cells places and direction of mocement

Answer 41

entorhina;

Question 42

different hippocampal neurons fired for _____ odor and location pairing

Answer 42

specific (this is the integration of sensory and local information)

Question 43

area ____ may endode memory for faces; lesion impairs discrimination among faces despite intact visual systems

Answer 43

IT

Question 44

the _____ thalamus being injured by low B1 in alcoholism or injury result in

Answer 44

sever memory impairment and confusion

Question 45

system of interconnected brain structures take in sensory information, make associations, consolidate them and store the engrams for later recall

Answer 45

consolidation

Question 46

what region is key for consolidation (basis for long term memory)

Answer 46

medial temporal lobe

Question 47

each time memory retrieved by neocortex new traces are formed but the hippocampus is always involved

Answer 47

multiple trace model

Question 48

engrams can be selectively altered even after consolidation

Answer 48

reconsolidation