exam three (language) Flashcards
a system for representing and communicating information that uses words combined according to grammatical rules
language
an audible form of communication built on the sounds that humans produce
speech
air exhaled from the lungs set ___ ___ located in the larynx into vibration
vocal folds
fundamental sounds a language uses
phonemes
(milestones) simple words
1 year
(milestones) vocabulary of around 200 words
2 years
(milestones) telegraphic speech-noun/verb combinations
3 years
what age is grammatical knowledge fine-tunes
3-6
speech perception becomes language specific before ___ ____
speech production
from 0-3 months infants produce
non-speech sounds
at 6 months children recognize ____ ____ vowels
language specific
at 7 months old there is
canonical babbling
who believed that there is an innate capacity for infants to acquire language (nature)
chomsky;s
who believed that babies follow similar milestones all over the world
pinker
all languages have ___ ___ ___ stemming from a genetically-determined constraint
common structural characteristics
caused by injury or lesion
inability to speak fluently despite the presence of normal comprehension and intact vocal mechanisms
brocas aphasia
is inability to understand or to produce meaningful language even though the production of words is intact
wernickes aphasia
____ hemisphere is typically dominant for language
left
the ____ test can simultaneously assess language function and lateralized motor control
wada
imaging techniques that detect changes in blood flow by measuring changes in uptake of compounds such as glucose or oxygen
PET
passively listening to ___ ___ activates the primary auditory cortex
noise bursts
listening to words activated waht speech area
wernickes
pathway for repeating a written word
visual information to the angular gyrus then wernickes to brocas
making a phonetic distinction such as da or ba activates what area
brocas
what connects brocas to wernickes
arcuate fasciculus
wernicke-geshwind model of language
visual information to the angular gyrus to wernickes to brocas to motor cortex (more complex than this)
if a bilingual person learns the two languages early and at the same time (two native languages) what happens
it is hard to tell the two language processing systems apart; they overlap in the brain (prefrontal cortex)
_____ hemisphere damage causes aphasia like impairments in ASL; ASL is impaired but not ability to move the hands in general
left
PET imagining in a blind subject shows that while reading brail the ____ _____ is now recruited for language “plasticity”
visual cortex
for most ____ hemisphere is dominant for language
left
the right is more accurate in perceiving ____ and left is more accurate in ____
objects and images; words
when objects are presented to the right visual field of a split brain patient they can easily ____ them
name
when objects are presents in the left visual field a split brain patient cannot name them; but also can’t what
recollect having seen anything at all
although split brain individuals cannot name objects that are presentes to their right hemisphere by left visual field they can make what correct response
using their left hand they will correctly selecr or draw the object they saw
