exam three (language)

Question 1

a system for representing and communicating information that uses words combined according to grammatical rules

Answer 1

language

Question 2

an audible form of communication built on the sounds that humans produce

Answer 2

speech

Question 3

air exhaled from the lungs set ___ ___ located in the larynx into vibration

Answer 3

vocal folds

Question 4

fundamental sounds a language uses

Answer 4

phonemes

Question 5

(milestones) simple words

Answer 5

1 year

Question 6

(milestones) vocabulary of around 200 words

Answer 6

2 years

Question 7

(milestones) telegraphic speech-noun/verb combinations

Answer 7

3 years

Question 8

what age is grammatical knowledge fine-tunes

Answer 8

3-6

Question 9

speech perception becomes language specific before ___ ____

Answer 9

speech production

Question 10

from 0-3 months infants produce

Answer 10

non-speech sounds

Question 11

at 6 months children recognize ____ ____ vowels

Answer 11

language specific

Question 12

at 7 months old there is

Answer 12

canonical babbling

Question 13

who believed that there is an innate capacity for infants to acquire language (nature)

Answer 13

chomsky;s

Question 14

who believed that babies follow similar milestones all over the world

Answer 14

pinker

Question 15

all languages have ___ ___ ___ stemming from a genetically-determined constraint

Answer 15

common structural characteristics

Question 16

caused by injury or lesion

inability to speak fluently despite the presence of normal comprehension and intact vocal mechanisms

Answer 16

brocas aphasia

Question 17

is inability to understand or to produce meaningful language even though the production of words is intact

Answer 17

wernickes aphasia

Question 18

____ hemisphere is typically dominant for language

Answer 18

left

Question 19

the ____ test can simultaneously assess language function and lateralized motor control

Answer 19

wada

Question 20

imaging techniques that detect changes in blood flow by measuring changes in uptake of compounds such as glucose or oxygen

Answer 20

PET

Question 21

passively listening to ___ ___ activates the primary auditory cortex

Answer 21

noise bursts

Question 22

listening to words activated waht speech area

Answer 22

wernickes

Question 23

pathway for repeating a written word

Answer 23

visual information to the angular gyrus then wernickes to brocas

Question 23

making a phonetic distinction such as da or ba activates what area

Answer 23

brocas

Question 23

what connects brocas to wernickes

Answer 23

arcuate fasciculus

Question 23

wernicke-geshwind model of language

Answer 23

visual information to the angular gyrus to wernickes to brocas to motor cortex (more complex than this)

Question 24

if a bilingual person learns the two languages early and at the same time (two native languages) what happens

Answer 24

it is hard to tell the two language processing systems apart; they overlap in the brain (prefrontal cortex)

Question 25

_____ hemisphere damage causes aphasia like impairments in ASL; ASL is impaired but not ability to move the hands in general

Answer 25

left

Question 26

PET imagining in a blind subject shows that while reading brail the ____ _____ is now recruited for language “plasticity”

Answer 26

visual cortex

Question 27

for most ____ hemisphere is dominant for language

Answer 27

left

Question 28

the right is more accurate in perceiving ____ and left is more accurate in ____

Answer 28

objects and images; words

Question 29

when objects are presented to the right visual field of a split brain patient they can easily ____ them

Answer 29

name

Question 30

when objects are presents in the left visual field a split brain patient cannot name them; but also can’t what

Answer 30

recollect having seen anything at all

Question 31

although split brain individuals cannot name objects that are presentes to their right hemisphere by left visual field they can make what correct response

Answer 31

using their left hand they will correctly selecr or draw the object they saw