exam one (central vision system)

Question 1

what is the pathway of vision from the retina

Answer 1

optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, LGN, primary visual cortex (striate cortex)

Question 2

is information from both eyes shared at the level of the optic nerve

Answer 2

no

Question 3

is information from both eyes shared at the level of the optic tract

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

axons from the ____ retina cross over to opposite side of the brain, while axons from ____ retina remain

Answer 4

nasal, temporal

Question 5

_____ field is what one eye receives

Answer 5

receptive

Question 6

____ field is a region of the visual world

Answer 6

visual

Question 7

what happens if you cut the optic nerve of the left eye

Answer 7

lost vision in left eye but only in peripheral (right eye covers the nasal portion)

Question 8

what happens if you cut the left optic track

Answer 8

lose right visual field (half of your world vision)

Question 9

what would happen if you cut at optic chiasm

Answer 9

peripheral vision is lost in both left and right

Question 10

info from left visual hemi field goes to ___ LGN

Answer 10

right

Question 11

in the LGN layers 1 and 2 have what cell type

Answer 11

magnocellular

Question 12

the nonM-nonP are ___ to each principal layer

Answer 12

ventral

Question 13

in the LGN layers 3-6, what is the cell tye

Answer 13

parvocellular

Question 14

_____ provides 80% of the excitatory synaptic input to the LGN

Answer 14

Primary visual cortex

Question 15

neuron in this structure provides modulatory influence on neuronal activity in the LGN

Answer 15

brain stem

Question 16

what two structures project to LGN not from the retina

Answer 16

brain stem and PVC

Question 17

a ___ point of light in the retina activates many cells in the striate cortex to overlapping receptive fields

Answer 17

discrete

Question 18

the area of the central retina is ______ in the striate cortex

Answer 18

overrepresented

Question 19

what layers of the striate cortex do you find pyramidal cells

Answer 19

III, IVB, V, VI

Question 20

what layers of the striate cortex do you find spiny stellate cells (make local-vertical connections)

Answer 20

IVC

Question 21

where do the magnocellular LGN neurons project within the striate cortex

Answer 21

IVC alpha

Question 22

where do the parvocellular LGN neurons project within the striate cortex

Answer 22

IVC beta

Question 23

where do the koniocellular LGN axons project within the striate cortex

Answer 23

make synapses in layers II and III

Question 24

where are horizontal connections made

Answer 24

layer III

Question 25

even in layer III, there will be _____ dominance of one eye in certain columns

Answer 25

ocular

Question 26

each ____ centered on an ocular dominance in layer IV

Answer 26

blob

Question 27

the blobs receive mostly ____ inputs from LGN

Answer 27

koniocellular

Question 28

what layers have projections that go out of the striate cortex

Answer 28

II, III, IVB

Question 29

what layer of the striate cortex project to the superior colliculus and pons

Answer 29

V

Question 30

what layer of the striate cortex project back to the LGN

Answer 30

VI

Question 31

V1 neurons (outside of IVC) are _____ selective

Answer 31

orientation

Question 32

some V1 neurons are complex cells, which are binocular and have ON and OFF responses, but with no distinct _____ regions

Answer 32

on-off

Question 33

striate cortex

cortical neurons above layer IV and centered on the interblob region exhibit ____ and _____ selectivity

Answer 33

binocularity and orientation

Question 34

cortical neurons superficial to IVC and centers on blobs which generally exhibit _____ and ______ sensitivity (no orientation or direction selectively)

Answer 34

monocularity and wavelength

Question 35

the magno cellular pathway for visual processing is thought to be

Answer 35

motion specific

Question 36

the Parvo-interblob pathway for visual processing is thought to be

Answer 36

shape specific

Question 37

the blob pathway (koniocellular) for visual processing is thought to be

Answer 37

color specific

Question 38

from the striate cortex the visual information takes two pathways; what are they?

Answer 38

dorsal and ventral

Question 39

where does the dorsal stream go (the “how” pathway”

Answer 39

parietal lobe

Question 40

where does the ventral stream go (the “what” pathway)

Answer 40

temporal lobe

Question 41

the parietal lobe houses the

Answer 41

primary motor cortex

Question 42

the temporal lobe is mostly

Answer 42

auditory

Question 43

the dorsal stream is analysis of visual ____ and the visual control of action

Answer 43

motion

Question 44

the ventral stream is ___ of the visual world and ___ of objects

Answer 44

perception and recognition

Question 45

the dorsal stream goes from V1 (in the striate cortex) to V2, V3, and then to __ or the ___ ____ and finally to __ ___

Answer 45

V5 or middle temporal, medial superior temporal

Question 46

dorsal stream

the Area MT is ___ ____ and respond more to the motion of objects rather than their shape

Answer 46

direction-selective

Question 47

dorsal stream

the area MST is for what?

Answer 47

navigation and directing eye movements

Question 48

the ventral stream takes what pathway from V1 (striate cortex)

Answer 48

V1, V2, V3, V4, IT

Question 49

the area V4 of the ventral stream does

Answer 49

processing of color and shape (achromatopsia can come from damage to this area)

Question 50

ventral stream

major output of V4 and the receptive fields respond to a wide variety of colors and abstract shapes, what is this area?

Answer 50

IT (inferior temporal lobe)

Question 51

The ___ is another part of area IT which allows us to recognize faces

Answer 51

fusiform face area

Question 52

the registration of physical stimuli from the environment by the sensory organs

Answer 52

sensation