exam three (attention) Flashcards
ability to focus on one aspect of sensory input; preferentially process some info and ignore the rest
attention
engaging in a task causes increased brain activity in task-relevant areas and decreased activity in others
state-dependent brain activity
neurons involved in PROCESSING of ongoing perceptual or motor information are more active whenn
resting state of brain
what two areas are active at rest (default mode network)
medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex
there is ____ activity between medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus (parietal cortex, hippocampus) during rest
synchronized
hypothesis that says the default mode network is important because it is broadly monitoring the environment while at rest
the sentinel hypothesis
the hypothesis that says the default mode network is important because it supports thinking and remembering like daydreaming
the internal mentation hypothesis
attention has a limited capacity, this type of attention is directed; filters out unnecessary input
selective attention
“bottom-up” control; a stimulus attracts our attention
exogenous attention
“top-down” control; deliberately directed by the brain for behavioral goal
endogenous attention
behavioral consequences of attention: if the cue is invalid (on the wrong side) what is the response time
slower
_____ improves reaction time
attention
you will more accurately detect new things if they aren’t in your area of focus: true or false?
false (attention enhances visual detection)
brain activity measured by fMRI shows that brain activity shifts ______ following spotlight of attention independent from eye movement
retinotopically
analysis of visual motion and the visual control of action (stream)
dorsal
perception of the visual world and the recognition of objects (stream)
ventral
speed of motion activates what area of the brain
area MT
color and shape activate what area of the brain
V4 and area IT
the ____ nucleus has connections with V1, V2, MT, IT; fire when stimuli are in receptive field and attention field
pulvinar
the __ ____ ___ have connections with V2, V3, V4, MT and parietal cortex; have motor fields and eyes make rapid saccade to specific area of visual field
frontal eye fields
shows location of obvious/salient features (due to bottom-up attention
salience map
shows locations where attention should be directed (both bottom up and top down processing)
priority map
where is the priority map located in the parietal lobe
LIP: lateral intraparietal cortex
frontoparietal attention network: 1. input about a conspicuous object from visual areas in the occipital lobe reaches LIP
2. construction of salience map in LIP
3. visual processing is enhance; eyes may move
bottom-up processing
frontoparietal attention network:
1. attention effects occur first in frontal and parietal areas
2. priority map in FEF and LIP
3. visual processing is enhanced; eyes may move
top-down processing
what are the two major symptom domains of ADHD
inattention and hyperactivity
what is the most prevalent childhood disorder
ADHD
about ___% of childhood ADHD sufferers will persist into adulthood
50
what brain region is likely responsible for ADHD
prefrontal cortex
the pyramidal neurons are innervated by what NT in the prefrontal cortex
NE and dopamine
The NE activation of the alpha 2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex enhance the relevant ____
signals
the DA receptors of the D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex weakens irrelevant sensory input which are
noises
_____ in low doses produce a calming effect in less than 50% of children with ADHD
psychostimulants
ignoring half of the spatial/visual world despite normal visual function
hemispatial neglect (left neglect is more common)
where is the damage location for hemispatial neglect
right posterior parietal cortex
consciousness arises from physical processes; based on structure and function of nervous system
materialist perspective
mind (conscious) and body are different things; one cannot fully explain the other
mind-body dualism
the minimal neuronal events sufficient for a specific conscious perception
NCC
bistable images ask whether ______ changes as perception changes
consciousness
