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FRCR Part 1 Physics > Exam style Questions > Flashcards

Exam style Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Radionuclides decay exponentially

A

True

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2
Q

Radionuclides do not occur naturally

A

False

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3
Q

Concerning DR, the receptor dose indicator gives a record of patient dose

A

True

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4
Q

In automatic mode fluoroscopy, the patient ESD rate usually increases with image intensifier field size

A

False

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5
Q

In automatic mode fluoroscopy the patient ESD should ideally be under 50mGy/min

A

True

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6
Q

IRR- overall responsibility for keeping dose ALARP tests with practitioner

A

False (employer)

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7
Q

IRR- the practitioner is the only person that can authorise exposures

A

False (skilled operators)

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8
Q

For MRI Signal to noise ratio to be increased, what are the few things that will have to decrease?

A
  1. TE
  2. Receiver bandwidth
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9
Q

Typical wavelength of ultrasound in abdominal scanning (in soft tissue) is 0.5mm

A

True

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10
Q

CT SNR increases when kvs is decreased

A

False
KV and SNR are proportional

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11
Q

Gadolinium should be avoided during the first trimester

A

True
Avoid in all stages of gestation

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12
Q

K space is a table of spatial frequencies

A

True

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13
Q

Each horizontal line of K space represents data from each frequency encoded gradient applied

A

False
It’s each phase encoding Gradient applied

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14
Q

Information from the edge of K space corresponds to contrast of the image

A

False
Fine detail at the edges

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15
Q

Noise is related to the square root of the number of photons

A

True

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16
Q

Contrast is usually T1 weighted

A

True

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17
Q

The larger the anode angle the larger the focal spot size and the less heat loading there is

A

True

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18
Q

I’m CT scanners the anode-cathode axis is placed along the xy plane

A

False
Z plane

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19
Q

Photomultiplier tubes take light produced by scintillation layers, from X-rays or gamma rays, and convert them into electric signal

A

True

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20
Q

The gamma camera PMT tube is filled with inert halogen gas

A

False

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21
Q

The effective dose is usually lower than the absorbed dose

A

True

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22
Q

Compton scatter is the predominant mode of interaction in the input screen of the image intensifier

A

False
Photoelectric dominates due to high atomic number of CSI

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23
Q

Compton scatter is the dominant mode of interaction on soft tissue with nuclear medicine studies

A

True
Average kv is high

24
Q

Increasing kVP from 40 to 60 will require mA to be reduced by approx a half to deliver the same dose?

A

True
60^2 / 40^2 = 2.25, so mA must decrease by factor of about 2.

25
Q

The spatial resolution of indirect FPDs is restricted by screen blur

A

True

26
Q

Spatial resolution in DR increases with pixel depth

A

False, decreases with pixel size
Pixel depth determines number of X-rays that can be recorded

27
Q

I’m fluoroscopy, magnification mode improves both contrast and spatial resolution

A

True, at expense of increased dose

28
Q

Xray image contrast is improved by reducing the area of the X-ray beam

A

True

29
Q

Using an anti scatter grid with a higher grid ratio improves Xray spatial resolution

A

False
Improves contrast not resolution

30
Q

Spatial resolution of Xray images is improved by decreasing patient to image receptor distance

A

True
Reduced geometric unsharpness penumbra

31
Q

Spatial resolution of Xray images is improved by increasing the amount of added filtration on the beam

A

False
This affects contrast and dose, not SR

32
Q

DRLs should be reviewed annually

A

True

33
Q

Dose rate from scattered radiation at 1m from patient is approx 0.1% of the dose rate incident on the patient

A

True

34
Q

Leakage radiation from Xray tubes must not exceed 1mGy/hr at 1m from the focal spot

A

True

35
Q

Spatial resolution in CT can be improved by reducing scan time

A

True
Less motion artefact

36
Q

Noise from a CT study will increase with increasing matrix size

A

True
Smaller pixels so decreased SNR

37
Q

The main role of the collimator of a gamma camera is to reject scatter

A

False
True for X-rays but not for gamma.
Scatter rejection is performed by PHA window. The collimator is for spatial localisation.

38
Q

TC99m emits energy rays of 140keV

A

True

39
Q

Contrast in planar nuclear medicine is dependent on the type of collimator used in the gamma camera

A

False

40
Q

SPECT scans are acquired using high resolution collimator

A

True
They are needed to make up for the shitty resolution

41
Q

An uptake time of 30mins is used to prevent excessive decay of FDG

A

False it’s 60mins

42
Q

Tissue concentration of fDG is proportional to injected dose and inversely proportional to body weight

A

True

43
Q

Radiation dose from a radio pharmaceutical May be measured by a gamma camera

A

False
The camera only visualises activity distribution, not doze

44
Q

On average around 0.4mSv per year of irradiation is due to medical exposures

A

True

45
Q

USS waves have a wavelength of 1-5mm in soft tissue

A

False
It’s 0.3-1mm

46
Q

Muscle has a higher acoustic impedance than fat

A

True

47
Q

Increased operating frequency will result in improved axial resolution (USS)

A

True
Improves both axial and lateral resolution

48
Q

An increased operating frequency will result in no change in the speed of USS wave propagation

A

True
Speed depends on medium

49
Q

An increased operating frequency will give reduced incidence of aliasing in Doppler

A

False
Results in more Doppler shift so more chance of aliasing

50
Q

MRI spin echo- the spin echo signal appears at time TE after the 90 degree pulse

A

True

51
Q

Gradient recalled echo sequences are affected by main field inhomogeneities

A

True

52
Q

Chemical shift artefact occurs along the frequency encoding axis gradient

A

True

53
Q

The anode angle is generally 7-20 degrees

A

True

54
Q

If the anode angle is reduced, the tube rating is…?

A

Increased

55
Q

The anode angle determines the size of field covered by the cray beam at a given…

A

Focus film distance

FRCR Part 1 Physics (20 decks)

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