Exam Study Flashcards
The major extracellular anion in the body is
Chloride
Compared to glucose, is there far more energy stored in a fatty acid?
Yes
Lipogenesis is?
Synthesis of fatty acids.
When does Ketogenesis occur?
Ketone bodies are produced in the liver during carbohydrate scarcity
High concentration of Ketones in the blood can result in?
Acidosis of the blood
Gluconeogenesis is?
Synthesis of glucose from a non-carbohydrate source
Break down of amino acid begins with?
The removal of its amino group
What happens to proteins at the end of their life span?
They are broken down to amino acids to produce new proteins.
Ubiquitin?
Proteins that are damaged or abnormal are tagged with this.
Alcohol is metabolised in:
The liver
Which metabolic pathway produces 28ATP from 1 glucose molecule?
Electron Transport Chain
Purpose of microvilli?
To increase surface area of small intestine and increase absorption
Passive Transport?
Down/ With the gradient
During osmosis water will move?
From low concentration to high concentration. From hypotonic to hypertonic
What is the role of insulin?
When blood sugar is high Insulin is released and binds to insulin receptors. This allows the glucose to enter the muscle and adipose tissue.
What is the role of Glucagon?
It is secreted when blood sugar levels are low. It binds to the receptors which cause the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. This is then released into circulation to raise blood sugar levels.
Osteoblasts?
Buildbone
Function of the glycemic response?
to remove excess glucose from the blood
Type 1 diabetes is the result of?
not enough insulin being released
Glycogenesis is?
Glycogenesis is: the synthesis of glycogen from glucose
Glycolysis creates:
ATP, NADH, Pyruvate, FADH2
Blinding is a technique to remove?
: Bias
Polysaccharide made in the human body
Glycogen
Translation involves the formation of?
amino acids
A diet of only carbs would prevent?
: Kwashiorkor
Describing a fatty acid as either saturated or unsaturated focuses on which criteria?
Presence or absence of double bonds
Vitamins D’s main function is:
regulating blood calcium levels.
Osteomalacia:
Decreased mineral content in bone
Phosphorus does not affect calcium absorption
True
The major intracellular cation in the body is
: potassium
major extracellular cation in the body is
: sodium
What is required for the proper absorption of b12?
Intrinsic factor
Primary form of vitamin E in the body is
: alpha tocopherol
Compounds that interfere with thyroid hormones?
Goitrogens
Beriberi is caused by:
deficient thamin (B1)
Vitamin C may be associated with each of the following EXCEPT
: liver toxicity
TRUE or FALSE: Insulin can only be released in response to the ingestion of simple carbohydrates
False
