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exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

types of muscles

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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2
Q

3 joint types

A

synovial- free movement, knee
cartilaginous- slight movement,
fixed- no movement, cranium

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3
Q

sliding filament theory

A

electrical impulses arrives at the relaxed muscle
calcium is realesed bonding the actin
cross bridge pulls actin to the middle

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4
Q

what is each muscle made up of

A

muscle fibres

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5
Q

2 types of joint movemnt

A

circumdiction
rotation

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6
Q

slow twitch fibres

A

red, long duration

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7
Q

fast twitch

A

white, short duration, generate high amounts of force

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8
Q

all or nothing principle

A

when an electrical impulse reaches a certain threshold, all fibres contract creating max force.

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9
Q

sub max contraction

A

less motor units recruited

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10
Q

vasoconstriciton

A

blood vessels contract to stop blood flowing through

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11
Q

vasodilation

A

blood vessels open to allow blood through

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12
Q

what are myofibrils made of

A

sarcomeres

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13
Q

whats each muscle fibre made up of

A

myofirbil

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14
Q

what do creatine supplements do

A

-helps to repair the micro tears faster, speeding up recovery process
- allows for more explosive movements ( muscular power)

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15
Q

3 negatives of creatine supplement

A

weight gain
dehydration
cramping

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16
Q

what do protein supplements do

A

helps with the construction of our muscles

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17
Q

2 negatives of protein supplement

A

expensive
strain on kidneys

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18
Q

2 benefits of preotein supplement

A

easy access
easy consumed

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19
Q

what is resistance training

A

development of muscular strength power or endurance by working specific muscles against resistance. e.g bicep curl with weight

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20
Q

what is muscular power

A

explosive movements over a short- medium period of time

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21
Q

what is muscular endurance

A

ability to contract muscles over a period of time

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22
Q

3 anabolic steroids benefits

A

increased strength and power
train more regularly and harder
increased protein synthesis

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23
Q

2 negatives of anabolic steroids

A

mood swings
-hypertension

24
Q

3 sociocultural reason to taking illegal drugs

A

-pressure
- financial reward
- drug culture

25
Q

what are the 3 steps of a warm up

A

light aerobic activity @ 50-60% MHR 5 mins
dynamic stretching - 5 mins
sport specific skills- 5

26
Q

continuous training

A

bout of activity performed non stop for 20 mins at sub max intensity in aerobic training zone

27
Q

fartlek training

A

variation of continuous with random bursts of speed

28
Q

interval training

A

alternating periods of high intensity work periods with lower intensity periods of rest

29
Q

altitude training

A

training higher than 1500m above sea level to induce physical changes that enhances carrying capacity of blood

30
Q

2 physiological altitude changes

A

increase red blood cells
increase capillaries

31
Q

2 performance benefits altitude changes

A

increases use of 02 by muscles
- ability to produce atp, training longer

32
Q

2 potential harm of altitude

A

sickenss
blood thickening

33
Q

synthetic EPO

A

roduces more haemoglobin for oxygen to attatch to- train for longer

34
Q

2 harms of EPO & blood doping

A

dehydration
blood clots

35
Q

2 potential harms of beta blockers

A

hypotension
tiredness

36
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart each contraction
measured as L/min
when u reach 60% is plateus

37
Q

cardiac output (q)

A

total amount of blood ejected by left ventricle of the heart each minute
HRXSV

38
Q

2 function of red blood cells

A

transports oxygen
takes away carbon dioxide

39
Q

white blood cells

A

fights infection and virus by absorbing

40
Q

platelets

A

clots the blood

41
Q

plasma

A

transports nutrients and homrones

42
Q

thermoregulation

A

balanced body temp

43
Q

WADA law

A
  1. has the potential to put an athelte at risk
  2. hast he ability to enhance performance
  3. challenges the spirit of the sport
44
Q

stage 1 of cardiac cycle ( 3 steps)

A

the atrias fill with blood
blood returns through vena cava into the right atrium
blood returns from lungs into the left atrium thorough pulmonary vein

45
Q

stage 2 ( two steps)

A

pressure builds in atria making bicuppid and tricuppid valves open
the blood goes into ventricles

46
Q

stage 3 ( 3 steps)

A

ventricles contract
blood moves into aorta to the rest of the body
or into the pulmonary artery and into lungs

47
Q

capillary 3 functions

A

diffusion
precapillary sphincters ( hairties)
highways, like a valve when exercising open to skin close to organs

48
Q

artery 3 functions

A

transport oxygen rich blood
connects to capillaries
exchanges gases and nutrients

49
Q

respiritory rate

A

amount of breaths per minute

50
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air left into the lungs

51
Q

ventialtion

A

amount of air breathed in and out per minute
TVXRR
ventilation is abke to increase until max level

52
Q

tidal volume

A

tv is increased until submax
amount of air breathed in and out per breath

53
Q

pulmonary diffusiion

A

gas exchange @ the lungs

54
Q

gas exchange

A

when oxygen moves into blood carbon dioxide moves into lungs

55
Q

oxygen deficit

A

oxygen demanded by the activity is greater than the oxygen being supplied by the body.

56
Q

EPOC

A

amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery from exercise that is above resting levels
when you go off to the bench, breathing doesn go down straight away

pe (7 decks)

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