Exam questions Flashcards
The protein ras is a ______ that signals via a(n) ______ to ______ the cell cycle
G protein, receptor tyrosine kinase, stimulate
What is the extracellular matrix of blood?
Plasma
What tissue types is basement membrane made of?
Endothelium and Connective
Which of the following is NOT representative of connective tissue cells? Why not the other options? 1 - adipocytes and fibroblasts 2 - leukocytes and erythrocytes 3 - adipocytes and mast cells 4 - smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts
4 - smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts
1, both are found imbedded within CT
2, make up blood with is fluid CT
3, adipocytes = CT loose, mast = component of blood
4, fibroblasts = CT…. BUT smooth muscle is a tissue type
What are the cis and trans faces on the golgi complex? What happens to the proteins it modifies?
Cis = receiving face of golgi body
Trans = secretes the materials into vesicles
Vesicles fuse with the cell membrane for release from the cell
What are the two processes which the neural tube can form?
Primary and secondary neurulation
What does apoptosis and autolysis do? How do they each happen? When would they each happen?
autolysis, the internal membranes of the cell break down and the lysosome releases digestive enzyme causing the cell to “eats itself” from the inside. It generally happens in unhealthy tissue from injury, infection, etc.
apoptosis, a tightly controlled pathway gets turned on, causing a specific chain of events that result in the death of the cell. The cell breaks itself down to be recycled by phagocytic cells. Apoptosis goes on in your body all the time, and is part of the normal activity of many healthy tissues.
How does signal transduction protect a pathway?
It has redundancy so that if one part of the reaction is inactivated other parts can still operate and produce the final protein
When is the mitotic phase active during the MPF promoting phase?
At the transition between 2 and 3
Is the 5’ end up or downstream on DNA?
Upstream
What kind of bonds hold secondary structures together?
Hydrogen bonds
How do cancer cell disturb normal cell function?
Undertaking mitosis more often so there is less time for their biochemical activities to maintain organ function
How are the amino acids held together?
In peptide bonds
What is p53? What does it do in transcription?
It is a transcription factor allowing RNA polymerase 2 to initiate transcription
What do proto-oncogene’s do? What can they develop into and cause? How does this occur?
code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation
Can develop into oncogenes which make cells cancerous
Mutations
