Exam questions Flashcards
name the term and give a composition example: a male character in n opera, performed by a soprano, mezzo-soprano or contra-alto
trouser role
ex. The Marriage of Figaro
name the term and give a composition example: the second statement of the main idea of a fugue, usually heard in the dominant key
counter subject
ex.Cantata no. 80- Bach
(ein feste burg ist unser Gott)
name the term and give a composition example: the projection of a single mood or emotion through an entire composition or movement in Baroque music
the Affections
ex. Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in f major
name the term and give a composition example: Italian comic opera sung throughout with no spoken dialogue
opera buffa
ex. Marriage of Figaro-Mozart
name the term and give a composition example: A baroque instrumental genre based on the opposition of the concertino and the ripieno
Concerto Grosso
ex. Brandenburg Concerto no. 2 in F major -JS Bach
name the term and give a composition example: a virtuosic solo passage in improvisatory style
cadenza
ex. Piano Concerto in G major -Mozart
name the term and give a composition example: a style of text setting in which many notes are sung to each syllable
melissmatic
ex. Haec Dies -anon.
name the term and give a composition example: a multi-movement work made up of a series of contrasting dances, generally all in the same key
Suite
ex. Water Music Suite in D major -Handel
name the term and give a composition example: Latin for “fixed song” borrowed material which serves as the structural basis of a new polyphonic composition
cantus firmus
ex. Haec Dies Organum -anon.
name the term and give a composition example: A performance style in which the soloist alternates with the chorus
responsorial singing
ex. Haec Dies
name the term and give a composition example: a late 18th century literary movement that aimed to shock, frighten, or overwhelm the audience with emotion
strurm and drang
ex.??
name the term and give a composition example: Latin for “false music”, a performance practice whereby pitches are raised or lowered to avoid undesirable intervals
musica ficta
ex. Puis Qu’en Oubli- Machaut
name the term and give a composition example: renaissance term for an instrumental ensemble may be “whole” or “broken”
consort
ex. Mille Regretz Pavane- Susato
A Mass by Palestrina title: era: which historical even inspired this work: identify and explain 2 musical features:
Missa Papae Marcelli
Renaissance
The Counter-reformation ?
1.Polyphony, six voices SATTBB, restrained approach
2. at times all voices sing together to highlight the importance of these words, ie. Son of god
A Chanson by Machaut title: era: poetic structure: two musical features:
Puis Qu'en Oubli Middle Ages rondeau 1. polyphonic, 3 voices all newly composed 2. a wide variety of intervals is used
a chamber work by Schubert title: performing forces: basis of the fourth movement: form of the fourth movement: internal form of the theme in the fourth movement:
Piano Quintet in A major "Trout" piano, violin, viola, cello, double bass Die Forelle -song by Schubert about a ruthless fisherman outwitting a trout theme and variations binary form
a madrigal by Gesualdo
title:
era:
two examples of word painting
Moro, lasso, al mio duolo
renaissance
descending chromatic line represents death
more rhythmically active on “vita” reflects vibrant energy of life
A Keyboard work by Scarlatti title: which instrument was it written for? form: two idiomatic features of the keyboard writing in this work:
Sonata in D major Baroque harpsichord rounded Binary ABA running passages, repeated notes
A trouvere or troubadour chanson title: era: texture: explain two specific musical features
Ce fut en Mai- d’Arras
middle ages
monophonic
strophic form- same music for 5 verses of poem, no relationship between music and text
for 1 voice with optional improvised accompaniment
melodic range is a 9th
a motet by Josquin title era structure of text two contrapuntal devices used describe the harmonic language
Ave Maria...Virgo Serena Renaissance strophic poem- opening couplet, 5 quatrains, closing couplet 1.continuous imitation 2. pairing of voices harm language???
Discuss the musical features of Gregorian Chant (5 marks, provide examples where applicable)
ie.Haec Dies
1Named after Pope Gregory I. He did not compose them. They are plainchants from his time.
2plainchants are monophonic
3modal
4move by step or small leap
5unmeasured rhythm, sung freely following the natural inflections of the text
6based on sacred latin texts, served as functional music in the services of the roman catholic church
7earliest form of notated music in Western music, 8originally passed down orally
9became the basis of many new compositions in the middle ages and renaissance -ie Haec dies used in o mitissima/virgo/haec dies polytextual motet.
Discuss the contributions of the Notre Dame School to the development of polyphony
provide examples where applicable (5 marks)
Leonin and Perotin the only two Notre dame school composers known by name.
Leonin was considered the best composer of organum
Many of his melodic patterns were triadic, something not heard in chant melodies previously.
two techniques- 1. very long notes for original chant, with new organal part unmeasured and free flowing
2. Discant style where both parts move together note for note in rhythmic modes
Perotin was known as the master of discant style
he developed organum from the Leonin style by instilling greater rhythmic accuracy
-developed organum to 3 and 4 parts
Discuss the musical features of the Ars Nova (5 marks) provide examples where applicable
the ars nova by Philippe de Vitry defined the musical language of the 14th century
- broke free from rhythmic modes, allowing greater independence of rhythm
- more polyphony in secular music
- new techniques such as isorhythm and hocket
- generally sought to create greater expressiveness
name
- a medieval bowed string instrument
- one of the standard dances in the baroque suite
- the medieval ancestor of the trombone
- a musical number for three voices
- a large, cylindrical medieval drum
- a section of the mass ordinary
- a single-line texture
- a tenor oboe
- a lively Engilsh dance in triple meter, originally associated with sailors
- a small portable reed instrument
- rebec
- sarabande
- sackbut
- terzetto
- tabor
- Gloria
- monophonic
- taille
- hornpipe
- regal
Describe the significance and contributions of each to the development of opera Florentine Camerata Claudio Montiverdi Henry Purcell Christopher Willibald Gluck Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Florentine camerata
This group of intellects, including Peri, Caccini, Galilei, desired to re-create ancient greek drama which led to the invention of opera. They also developed monody, and peri and Caccini wrote one of the oldest surviving operas- L’Euridice
Montiverdi
- elevated opera to its full potential
- increased the role of instruments to create moods and characters
- differentiated between recitative and aria, established love duet
- new techniques such as stile concitato
Purcell
- composed the first great English opera
- combined elements of national styles
Gluck
- restored dramatic integrity to opera
- restored chorus,
- made overture an organic part of the score by using themes that would be heard later–by late baroque if often had nothing to do with the opera…
- rejected empty displays of virtuosity, favouring “beautiful simplicity”
Mozart
composed his first opera at age 12.
-built on Glucks reforms by further developing opera with classical ideals -balance, refinement, sophistication
-composed each type of opera- seria, buffa & singspiel
-used recitativo secco to quickly advance plot
