Exam Q: Knee region

Question 1

Classify bones according to shape. Why is it classified this way?

Answer 1

Femur = Long bone. Shaft and two extremities
Patella = Sesamoid. Located in Patellar tendon

Question 2

Side the bones. Why is it from this side?

Answer 2

Right/Left.
Ant: Patellar articular surface distally
Distal: convex medial + lat femoral condyles
Medial: med supracondylar line terminate at adductor tubercle
Patella: Post has larger lateral facet, apex is distal

Question 3

Identify major bony features on distal end and adjacent shaft of femur + patella on the bone

Answer 3

Med and lat supracondylar lines.
Post surface: popliteal fossa. 
Add Tub
Intercondylar fossa. 
Patellar surface. 
Med and lat fem condyles + epicondyles

Patella: Post-med + lateral articular facet, apex

Question 4

Name the jonts the femur and patella participates in

Answer 4

Hip and knee

Question 5

With reference to knee jt, identify the type of joint and the articular surfaces

Answer 5

Type = Modified hinge joint.
Med and lat condyles of FEM -> convex
sup surface of med and lat TIB condyles -> concave
Patellar surface of FEM + post articular facets of patella

Question 6

Describe and identify location of anatomical structures that contribute to the stability of knee jt?

Answer 6

Eg:
LIG: MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL, Patellar lig
M: hamstrings, Quads etc
Menisci: lat and med

MER?

Question 7

On the model, palpate major bony feature around knee region

Answer 7

Patella + patellar surface on femur

Med and lat femoral condyles + epicondyles

Add Tub

Med and lat TIB condyles/plateaux

Tib tubercle

Joint line

Question 8

Name and identify on the model the location of major blood vessels and nerves that traverse the post knee region?

Answer 8

Popliteal artery and vein: Post in popliteal fossa
+ Sciatic nerve dividing into TIB and common FIB n.

Tibial n = post comp of leg:
Common fib n = ant and lat comp of leg.

Question 9

Name + demonstrate the movement (inc plane + axis) that occur at knee jt (use model)

Answer 9

Flex / ext: Sagittal plane about frontal axis

Med/ lat rotation: Horizontal plane about vertical axis.

Question 10

Select 2 movements that occur at knee jt:

For each movement:

• Name movement
• Name major M group involved
• on the model, identify location of M group
• demonstrate major M group working either concentrically or eccentrically

Answer 10

Eg: FLEXION

BOKA:

• flexors of the knee
• Post to the thigh and knee jt
• exercise??

BERIT tror:

• Flexors of knee = hamstrings
• post to thigh and knee jt
• exercise ->
  concentrically:

Extension:

• Extensors of thigh = Quads
• Ant to thigh and knee jt
• exercise –?

Question 11

Test end feel for knee flexion and extension (use model). Identify type of end feel and the limiting structures for each movement

Answer 11

FLEXION: Supine, soft tissue apposition of post thigh + calf = Soft
Prone: tension in RF = firm

EXTENTION: Tension in ACL, LCL, MCL, LCL,
Post cap + OPL = Firm

Question 12

Position the hamstrings in their SHORTENED position (model).

Name muscle that is in the LENGTHENED position

Answer 12

Prone lying: knee flexion + hip extension

Rec fem -> crosses both hip and knee.

Question 13

In what direction would stress be applied to test the integrity of the MCL of the knee?
Demonstrate test on model

Answer 13

Valgus

Demonstrate the test: ..
30 grade flexion??