Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Exam One- Gen/Hist/Integ/Bone > Flashcards

Exam One- Gen/Hist/Integ/Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Nervous tissue

A

Branching cells called axons and support glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is inflammation?

A

The collection of fluids in damaged tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The main function of Areolar Loose CT

CBP

A

Cushioning, Binding and Packing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the basic function of a white blood cell?

A

immune function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of Strat. Squam. ET

A

Protection from friction/abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of Dense Irregular CT?

A

Offers support and strength in areas move in multiple directions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the matrix within Blood CT?

A

Blood Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe reticular fibers and how they present in CT

A

Small, delicate collagen fibers that branch out and form networks. Create jungle-gym structures within some glands and organs to allow ample occupation of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does elastin present in CT?

A

As a branched network or sheets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe bone tissue

A

Tree rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cells are located in the stratum basale?

Their orientation?

A

A single cell row of young kertinocytes
and the basement membrane
melanocytes to protect the reproducing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name two locations where you could find Sim. Colum ET

A

(non-ciliated) lining of the GI tract
Gallbladder, ducts of some glands
(ciliated)Lining of the bronchi
lining of the uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of cell produces cartilage matrix?

A

Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of Hyaline cartilage?

A

Support and reinforcement.
Cushion of joints
Allows resistance from compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

A dense network of collagen and elastic fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A cell ending in -cyte is a

A

mature cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of junctions do Keratinocytes use?

A

desmosomes

Cells linked by filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Keratohyaline granules?

A

keratin released from the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of Adipose Loose CT?

A

Insulation, energy reserve, shock absorbtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the two main layers of the Skin?

A

Epidermis

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A cell ending with -blast is a

A

Young, bud/germs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is connective tissue located?
examples of CT?
Basic functions?
Is it alive?

A

All over the body
Blood
Protection, binding of organs, transport of nutrition.
Some of it is but mostly it is matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where can strat colum. Et be found?

A

pharynx, male urethra, transition areas between two types of et

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The study of tissues is also know as_____

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What fiber types are withing the matrix of Areolar Loose CT

A

Collagen

Elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is Skeletal muscle CT found?

A

attached to bones and occasionally skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Dendritic cells are also known as?

A

Langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the ground substance of CT?

A

The majority of CT. This forms an acellular mass that makes up the matrix of CT when combined with fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the general function of Cartilage?

A

forms a supporting framework of some organs, articulating surfaces of joints, and forms most of the fetal skeletons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ET does not have a direct blood supply this is called _____

A

Avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What properties does collagen give to fiber.

A

Offers strength. Resists pulling forces but is still flexible
Just like a rope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin on the heels and palms?

A

The stratum Lucidum

Lucid-Above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are some functions of CT?

A

Support-bones
Defense-blood/muscle/bones/cartilage
Movement-muscle/cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where can Strat CUBE ET be found?

A

Some sweat glads and in mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Reticular loose connective tissue form what structures?

A

Bone marrow
Stroma of lymphatic structures
spleen
liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Areolar Loose CT holds a reservior of ____ and ___ equal to circulatory volume

A

Water and Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How is elastin different from collagen?

A

It is much smaller in diameter

It is very elastic. It can stretch 150% and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

What layer?

A

The basale layer of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the basic composition of bone CT?

A

Cells in a calcified matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Describe fibrocartilage.

A

thinner strips of collagen that is similar to hyaline but thinner and stacked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Epithelial tissue is polar. What does this mean?

A

ET has defined upper and lower portions

The Apical free side and the Basal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the stratum basale attached to?

A

the dermis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the basic function of a red blood cell?

A

Oxygen transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Collagen is cushiony. How does it become cushiony?

A

it attracts and absorbs water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

Touch receptors. that send information to nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the function of Bone CT?

A

Support, protection, movement, Mineral and fat storage, site of hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Apart from support, what is another function of reticular fiber? happens in the spleen and lymph nodes

A

Filtration of blood via presence of macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the three stages of tissue repair?

CMM

A

Clotting of blood
Multiplication of Epi cells-over granulation tissue
Restored cells mature and contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How many layers in the stratum spinosum?
What are the layers composed of?
what occurs at this level?

A

8-10 layers of Kertinocytes

At this level they are forming pre-keratin filaments and filling with lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Where can trans. ET be found?

A

the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the three major types of ET Membranes? Where can they be found? (MSC)

A

Mucous-Lining the nasal cavity/esophag/bronchi
Serous-The outter surface/lining of visera
Cutaneous- Forms the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are the three layers of the gastrula

A

Ectoderm
Mesenchyme
Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How is the ET attached to surfaces?

A

ET connects to CT via a basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is a epidermal dendritic cell?
Describe.
Its function?

A

Immune cells produced in bone marrow
Epidermal phagocytic macrophages
star-shaped
They wander the epidermis and eat dead cells, activate immune system, eat invading microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage CT found in the body? its function?

A

Fibrocartilage

Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compression forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the dominant CT fiber type?

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Describe the stratum lucidum

A

A thin transparent band. Rows of flat, dead keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

A network of Fibers and restored blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the basic function of nervous connective tissue?

A

Send and receive electrical communications

61
Q

Describe Skeletal muscle.

A

Multi-nucleated, long and cylindrical cells, striated

62
Q

What is the general function of ET?

A

To protect, Diffuse, Secrete, Absorb

63
Q

What are the CT 4 tissue types.

A

Ct proper
Blood
Nervous
Bone

64
Q

The most abundant tissue type in the body is?

A

Connective

65
Q

_____tissue covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, cavities, and ducts. Forms glands

A

Epithelial Tissue

66
Q

What substance other than water makes up the cartilage matrix?
Con S

A

Chrondroitin Sulfate

67
Q

What is the epidermis? how many layers thick is it?

A

The outer layer of your cutaneous membrane.

Can be 4-5 layers thick depending on location.

68
Q

Main location of Areolar loose CT

A

Under the skin.

69
Q

What makes the Stratum Corneum waterproof

A

Interlocking dehydrated dead keratinocytes with intercellular lipids.

70
Q

What are the functional attributes of Dense elastic CT?

A

Allows maximum stretch and recoil

71
Q

What is the function of transitional ET

A

Specialized to allow for distention

72
Q

What are the classifications of ET?

A

Simple/Strat/ Psuedo/ trans

73
Q

What are the three types of CT cell types?

A

Ground substance
Fibers
Cells

74
Q

The stratum Corneum accounts for _ % of the thickness of the epidermis. this equates to around _ layers

A

75%

25-30 layers

75
Q

What is the world average Body Fat Average?

76
Q

Describe Elastic cartilage CT

A

Predominant Elastic fibers “creepy ghosts”

77
Q

_____tissue is sensitive to and responsive to changed in homeostasis by generating nerve impulses

A

Nervous tissue

78
Q

What are the two layers of the ET basement membrane? Their functions?

A

the basal lamina (glue) and the recticular Lamina (binding fibers)

79
Q

Describe Cardiac muscle CT

A

Branched, striated, with intercalated disks

80
Q

Where are Melanin granules and Langerhans cells most abundant?

A

The stratum Spinosum

81
Q

What are the three types of CT in Loose CT?

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

82
Q

What is the function of simp colum ET

A

Absorption, Mucus/enzyme secretion, If ciliated it functions to propel mucus by ciliary action

83
Q

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

A

Allows flexibility while maintaining shape

84
Q

What is Dense Irregular CT

A

Irregularly arranged bundles of collagen and possibility some elastin and recticular fibers often found in sheets

85
Q

Where is elastin more abundant?

SBL

A

Skin
Blood Vessels
Lungs
Anythign that stretches

86
Q

What are the four categories of CT?

A

CT Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

87
Q

What body parts does Dense regular CT form?

A

Tendons/Ligaments

88
Q

What is the function of Pseudo. strat colum ET

A

secretion of mucus, propulsion of mucus via cilia

89
Q

What are the primary functions of the epidermis

A

water proof Protection from invaders and toxins.

Protection from abrasion and friction.

90
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage in the body?

91
Q

Damaged tissue repairs itself by replicating cells via _____

92
Q

What are the three types of fibers in CT?

A

Collagen, recticular, elastin

93
Q

What level of the epidermis do cells being to deteriorate? what is the process called? are these cells still alive?

A

The stratum Granulosum
apoptosis is what occurs
Yes

94
Q

What is dense regular/fibrous dense CT?

A

A composition of think, tight, parallel arrays of collagen fibers. or elastic fibers (if suspension ligaments)

95
Q

What are Lamellated granules?

A

Waterproofing glycolipid released from the cells

96
Q

The two types of bone tissue are?

A

Compact and spongy

97
Q

What is the function of Dense regular CT?

A

Attachment of muscles to bones (tendons)

Attachment of bones to bones (ligaments)

98
Q

Form = ___

99
Q

Where can hyaline cartilage be found?

A

At the articular surface of bones
C rings of the trachea
costal and nasal regions

100
Q

Describe Smooth muscle CT

A

Spindle shaped cells. Central Nucleus, not striated, forms sheets

101
Q

Where does mitosis occur in the epidermis? What happens in it is damaged?

A

In the stratum Basale.

If it is damaged, the skin can not regenerate

102
Q

What is the function of smooth Muscle CT?

A

Involuntary muscle movements

103
Q

Name two locations where you could find Pseu. Strat. colum ET

A

Trachea
upper respiratory tract
(non-ciliated)- male sperm carrying ducts

104
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Deterioration of nuclei due to loss of nutrients.

105
Q

Describe a merkel cell.

A

Spiky ball in a cup

106
Q

What occurs after Keratinocyte cells die?

A

They harden and release lipids and keratin.

107
Q

Where can Dense Elastic Ct be found? Why those locations specifically

A

Walls of arteries
lung tissue
because they need to hold and withstand large amounts of pressure

108
Q

What is the benefit of the keratinocytes releasing lipids and keratin granules?

A

The cells harden and form an envelop of protein with with lipid layers between cells. This forms a waterproof layer.

109
Q

What are melanocytes?

Their functions?

A

Cells that produce the pigment melanin.
Melanin is absorbed by nearby keratinocytes
They protect reproducing cells from harmful radiation that could disrupt genetic replication.

110
Q

Name two locations where you could find Sim. Squ. ET

A

Lining the inside of blood vessels
The alveoli of the lungs
Lining of lymphatic vessels

111
Q

What are Keratinocytes? strat Squam

A

The primary cells of the epidermis.

Form the outer layers

112
Q

What level of the epidermis is waterproof?

A

The stratum corneum

113
Q

What is nervous CT found in the body?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

114
Q

Describe Elastic Dense CT

A

Sheets of Elastin fibers in line. Allows extra stretch

115
Q

_____tissue protects and supports the body/organs, binds organs together, stores energy as fat

A

Connective

116
Q

What are the four types of tissue in the body?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, nervous

117
Q

What are the Layers of the epidermis?

Baby Skin Gets Loving Care

A 
Stratum Basale 1 Deepest
Stratum Spinosum 2
Stratum Granulosm 3
Stratum  Lucidum 5 *only in thick skin* most superficial
Stratum Corneum 4 Most superficial
118
Q

What type of protein surrounds recticular

A

Glycoprotein

119
Q

What is the stratum Basale?

A

The bottom most layer of the epidermis

120
Q

What is the function of Skeletal muscle CT?

A

Voluntary movements

121
Q

The three classifications of glandular ET?

SUP

A

Site of release (endo/exo)
Uni/multi-cellular
Presence/absence of duct

122
Q

What is the common tissue origin of all CT?

A

the stem cell know as Mesenchyme

123
Q

When an embryo is cup shaped with three layers of cells this is called the?
(True Gas Bubble)

A

The gastrula

124
Q

Define Differentiation in regards to cells.

A

When a cell has no particular function and is then directed to function in a specific why
example-Mesenchyme spreads throughout the body and differentiates into all the different types of CT

125
Q

What are the three main components of Adipose Loose Connective Tissue?
ARB

A

Adipocytes-Lipid storage
Reticular fibers
Blood supplies

126
Q

Name two locations where you could find Strat squam et

A

If keratinized then it forms the epidermis as a dry membrane

If non keratinized then it forms the linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina/anal canal

127
Q

Where are the two main locations of Elastic cartilage?

A

the ears and the epiglottis

128
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

Watery substance with dissolved nutrients, waste, enzymes, protein, gasses, ions etc…

129
Q

What is the main function of Recticular loose CT?

A

supports other cell types

130
Q

Does the epidermis have nerve cells?

A

no it has merkel cells.

131
Q

What are the three types of protection offered by the stratum corneum

A

Waterproofing
Protection from penetration/abrasion
Biological, physical,chemical barrier

132
Q

What do keratinocytes produce?

Its function?

A

Keratin

Hardens dead cells

133
Q

What is the main function of Simple Squa. ET?

A

Filtration, diffusion, secretion of lubricating substances in serosae

134
Q

ET doesnt have direct blood supply, does it have nervous connection?

135
Q

Where is Adipose tissue found in the body?

A 
Hypodermis
Around the kidneys
the eyes
Around the abdomen
The breasts
136
Q

What are three types of fibers in CT

A

Collagen, Elastin, Recticular

137
Q

_____tissue generates force to allow body movement

A

Muscle tissue

138
Q

Name two locations where you could find Sim. Cube ET

A

Kidney tubules
Ducts and secretory portions of small glands
Ovary surface

139
Q

What is the dermis

A

A strong flexible CT comprised of collagen and elastic fibers.

140
Q

Where can Dense Irregular CT be found?

A

The dermis of the skin
the submucosa of the GI tract
Fibrous capsules of joints

141
Q 
What are the 6 types of cells in CT
Fuck
My
Life
Polly's
magnificent 
Apples
A 
Fibroblasts
Mast cells
Leukocytes
Plasma
Macrophages
Adipocytes
142
Q

What is the function of Cardiac Muscle CT?

A

Forms the involuntary muscles of the heart. Controls heartbeat

143
Q

Describe Hyaline cartilage

A

Appears as a Bluish white gel with small cell “capsules”

Like seeds in jell-o

144
Q

Cartilage has no innervation and is also _____

145
Q

What is the function of Sim Cube ET

A

Secretion and absorbtion

146
Q

How often does your epidermis renew?

A

every 25-45 days

147
Q

What types of junctions can epithelial tissue use?

A

Tight junctions and desmosomes

148
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

PR

A

Papillary and reticular

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions