exam one 7

Question 1

Energy & Arousal:

Answer 1

psychological (mind) and physiological (body) activation

Question 2

1) Physical Arousal:

Answer 2

Brainstem

Question 3

2) Emotional Arousal:

Answer 3

Limbic System (Amygdala)

Question 4

Energy & Arousal:

Answer 4

-Pumped Up vs. Relaxed
-Ranges in intensity: barely awake  fully activated
-Positive Connotation - “pumped up

Question 5

Drive Theory:

Answer 5

as energy levels increase, so does performance (incorrect theory)

Question 6

Inverted-U Hypothesis:

Answer 6

as energy increases, performance increases until debilitating point (incorrect theory)

Question 7

IZOF -

Answer 7

Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (Yuri Hanin)
 each person has their own specific energy level they will perform best at

Question 8

Adrenaline:
 can cover up pain
 can enhance performance
 can hurt performance

Answer 8

hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of stress,
increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism
and preparing muscles for exertion.

Question 9

Adrenaline:

Answer 9

 can cover up pain
 can enhance performance
 can hurt performance

Question 10

Body Reactions to Adrenaline:

Answer 10

1) released to bloodstream & goes to heart  boosts heart rate and strength of beating
2) increase in blood pressure  allows more oxygen in bloodstream
3) more oxygen creates energy in muscles  boosts reaction ability
4) to arousal in central nervous system  better alertness
5) body sweats  preparation to cool muscles
6) pupils dilate  enhance ability to take in surroundings

Question 11

Fake Adrenaline Resources:

Answer 11

• Pre-workout mix
• Coffee
• Energy drinks
• Sugar
   Cause heart pounding feeling
   Harm bodies functioning

Question 12

Anxiety:

Answer 12

negative emotional state with feelings of worry, nervousness, and apprehension

Question 13

State Anxiety:

Answer 13

fluctuating levels of anxiety depending on the situation

Question 14

Trait Anxiety:

Answer 14

anxiety as a personality trait
1) very stable emotionally
2) anxious all the time
 “worrier”
 anxiety in evaluation situations
 perceive threats that may not be dangerous

Question 15

Cognitive Anxiety (Mental/Emotional):

Answer 15

• Worrying
• Negative thoughts
• Inability to concentrate
• Feelings of self-consciousness
• Over-thinking
   Can cause trouble sleeping, worsens cycle

Question 16

Somatic Anxiety (Physical):

Answer 16

• Nerves
• Shortness of breath
• High heart rate
• Sweating
• Clammy hands
• Dry mouth
• Butterflies

Question 17

Physiology of Fear
1) Cardiovascular Changes

Answer 17

– Blood vessels constricts
– Blood pressure goes up
– Heart beat from 72 to 140+
– Blood sugar rate changes  increases fear
– Sweaty palms - epinephrine in system

Question 18

Physiology of Fear

2) Respiratory System

3) Brain
– Brain Stem takes over & “can’t think”  cut off from cerebrum
– Shortage of carbon dioxide (not oxygen) due to breathing change = dizziness
– Trouble concentrating

Answer 18

– Body requires more oxygen to fight or flee
– Breathing rate changes (6-15 breaths/minute to 20-30/minute)

Question 19

Physiology of Fear
3) Brain

Answer 19

– Brain Stem takes over & “can’t think”  cut off from cerebrum
– Shortage of carbon dioxide (not oxygen) due to breathing change = dizziness
– Trouble concentrating

Question 20

Physiology of Fear
4) Muscles

Answer 20

– Feeling uncoordinated
– Sources:
* Tempormandibular joint – jaw attached to skull
* Trapezius muscles – top of shoulders
* Lower back muscles
* Calves

Question 21

Physiology of Fear
5) Gastrointestinal Reactions

Answer 21

– Stomach upset and secretes more acid
– Too much air

Question 22

Physiology of Fear
6) Vision

Answer 22

– Blurred vision
– Too much oxygen and pupils dilate

Question 23

Physiology of Fear
Hearing

Answer 23

– Hearing improves -> hear every mechanical sound

Question 24

Catastrophe Model (Hardy)
 Low Trait Anxiety:
 High Trait Anxiety: Catastrophe cliff (leads to choking more often under pressure)

Answer 24

Performance is Inverted-U (normal performance under pressure)

Question 25

Catastrophe Model (Hardy)  High Trait Anxiety:

Answer 25

Catastrophe cliff (leads to choking more often under pressure)

Question 26

Stress:

Answer 26

an imbalance between demands and ability to respond to those demands *

Question 27

Perception:

Answer 27

creates reality of moment importance

Question 28

* Response:

Answer 28

dependent on tools to handle situation *often occurs when failure has large consequences

Question 29

Stress process: 4 Stages

Answer 29

Stage 1 – Environmental demand Stage 2 – Perception of demand Stage 3 – Stress Response (anxiety, muscle tension) Stage 4 – Behavior Consequences (results/actions)

Question 30

Anxiety Direction & Intensity:

Answer 30

how someone sees their own anxiety is important for understanding the relationship between anxiety and their performance. Intensity how much anxiety Direction whether anxiety helps or hinders their performance; perception of control

Question 31

Clutch Performance 

Answer 31

creating positive outcomes consistently in pressure moments

Question 32

Positive Anxiety:

Answer 32

“Concern is replaced by hope, and tension replaced by excitement.”

Question 33

Facilitative vs. Debilitative Anxiety

Answer 33

 Elite athletes see anxiety as facilitative rather than debilitative  How you cope more important than amount of anxiet

Question 34

Facilitative Anxiety =

Answer 34

Good

Question 35

Debilitative Anxiety =

Answer 35

Bad

Question 36

Pressure + Pressing

Answer 36

– Press  to push – Try too hard

Question 37

Goal:

Answer 37

Turn pressure into positive anxiety – Reframe situation – “opportunity” – Strategies – Preparation