exam one 2

Question 1

The Personality

Answer 1

sum or blend of characteristics that make a person unique (Martens, 1975)
 Specific traits that impact behaviors and responses

Question 2

Role-related Behavior

Answer 2

Life Roles: Student, Coach, Server, Friend
- Sport Roles: Positions – mostly defined by playing time
- Actions based on perception of role
- *Most changeable part of our personality

Question 3

Typical responses

Answer 3

• Normal responses to stimulus in our environment
• Excitement vs. Fear – Roller-coaster
• Can adjust over time
• Experience helps gain control

Question 4

Psychological Core

Answer 4

Foundation: attitudes, values, beliefs about self
- Core life beliefs from family, friends, religion
- REAL you - not who you want others to think you are

Question 5

Personality Traits of Athletes:

Answer 5

– Competitive
– Independent
– Strong-willed
– Intense
– Perfectionism
– Emotional
– Impatient
– Strong Athletic Identity

Question 6

Perfectionism

Answer 6

–Common among athletes
–Refusal to accept anything short of perfection
–Any setback viewed as complete failure
–Strive for flawlessness
–Highly organized
–Excessively high standards
–Overly critical - “Nothing ever good enough”
–Trains mind to want to avoid failure
–Associated with burnout

Question 7

Adaptive

Answer 7

Positive: Motivational, always want to get better, work hard

Question 8

Maladaptive

Answer 8

Negative: try too hard, give up easily, anxiety, too much pressure to live up too

Question 9

Trait -

Answer 9

Personality traits
- Always this way -> Typical style of behavior (i.e. Tense, Happy, Competitive)
- Alpha - Type A - helpful in sport vs. risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 10

State -

Answer 10

Personality fluctuates depending on situation
- Right now feeling changes moment-to-moment
- Examples: Anxiety in pressure situations, up & down confidence

Question 11

Individual Sports

Answer 11

– Like to do things themselves
– Independent
– Prefer control
– Lack of trusting others?

Question 12

Team Sports

Answer 12

– Enjoys working with others to reach goal
– Motivated by others
– Open-skilled athleticism
– Intangibles that impact team chemistry

Question 13

Open-skilled

Answer 13

– Skill with changing variables  Interactions with opponents or teammates
– Reactionary Mental Skills
– Examples:
» Teammate awareness/Passing in hockey
» Fast-break 2-on-1 in basketball
» Throwing a football to receiver
» Tackling an opponent in rugby

Question 14

Closed-skilled

Answer 14

– Planned Behavior: performer already knows what to do
– Skill takes place in a controlled environment  can be practiced
– Time to think, so mentally more difficult: needs an ‘Alpha Thought Process’
– Examples:
» Gymnast routine
» Penalty Kick in Soccer
» Free Throw
» Golf Shot

Question 15

Athletic Identity:

Answer 15

degree with which an individual identifies with their athletic role (Brewer, 1993)
including goals, values, and importance of sport to them

Question 16

Athletic Identity vs. Self-Identity

Answer 16

• Who you are vs. What you do
• On the field vs. Off the Field
• Must create balance between identities
• All-Star Study: Self-enhancement vs. Self-Protection (Eklund, 2004)

Question 17

ID DEVELOPMENT
Phase 1: Identity Origins

Answer 17

– Learn to play sport as youth
– Build friendships
– Get attention from family & friends
– Learn a skill
– Extra training & coaching
– More time committed
– Becoming “the athlete”

Question 18

ID DEVELOPMENT
Phase 2: Confirmation of Identity

Answer 18

-Higher levels confirms skill  “becomes real”
– More success = more attention
– Ego built upon success as athlete
– Highs and lows in sport become personal
– Can drift from core self (morals, drugs, etc.)
– Talented players who don’t make it at risk

Question 19

ID DEVELOPMENT
Phase 3: Retirement & Transition

Answer 19

–Pro athletes prime age 24-30 (brain development) vs. Lawyers Prime is 50-60
–Tough Time Retiring: Surgeon’s dilemma – when is the right time to retire?
–End of careers Problems:
* Lack of financial literacy
* No other job skills
* Physical fitness drops off
* Depression
–Transition Plans = set new goals (new value)

Question 20

Alter Ego:

Answer 20

self-created persona or desired personality created to help psychologically
handle the specific demands of your sport

Question 21

Alter Ego: Positives:

Negatives:
- Can overtake your core self
- Lose sight of reality
- Personal ethics shift

Answer 21

• Helps separate self from athletic identity
• Creates specific traits needed for success
• Helps be who you need to be in competition

Question 22

Alter Ego: Negatives:

Answer 22

• Can overtake your core self
• Lose sight of reality
• Personal ethics shift

Question 23

Measuring Personality
Situation-Specific vs. Sport-Specific

Answer 23

Sport-specific tests predict better than general tests

Question 24

Measuring Personality

Answer 24

1. TAIS – Test of Attentional & Interpersonality Style
2. Profile of Mood States
3. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (Martens)
4. Competitive State Anxiety Inventory
5. Trait Sport Confidence Inventory
6. State Sport Confidence Inventory

Question 25

Neuroticism:

Answer 25

Nervousness, anxiety, emotional instability (rollercoasteER)

Question 26

Extroversion:

Answer 26

Enthusiastic, social, assertive, risk-taker, high activity level

Question 27

Openness to Experience:

Answer 27

Original, curiosity, prefer variety, looks for adventure

Question 28

Agreeableness:

Answer 28

Modest, easily satisfied, shy, never pushes the envelope

Question 29

Conscientiousness:

Answer 29

Disciplined, constrained, achievement striving, self-awareness

Question 30

5 Major dimensions of human personality

Answer 30

Neuroticism,
Extroversion:
Openness to Experience:
Agreeableness:
Conscientiousness: