exam one 1 Flashcards
Sport & Exercise Psychology:
scientific study of people and behaviors in sport and exercise
activities and the practical application of that knowledge
Objective of Sport & Exercise Psychology:
:
1. Understand the effects of psychological factors on motor performance.
2. Understand the effects participation has on psychological development, health, and well-being
Goals:
- Describe, explain, and predict future outcomes
- Must prove everything, no matter how obvious
- Create theories:
Social Facilitation Theory
– arousal hurts performance on tasks not learned
well but helps performance on well-learned tasks
Psycho-Physiological orientation
– Underlying psycho-physiological processes of the brain
Ex: Biofeedback for snipers
Social–Psychological orientation
– Behavior determined by environment and personality
Ex: How leader’s style impacts group cohesion
Cognitive–Behavioral orientation
– CBT – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
– Behavior determined by environment and thoughts.
Ex: Difference in confidence levels among tennis players with or without injury
Sport Psychology
Will the crowd size impact an athlete’s ability to perform?
Does playing at home or the road change an athlete’s performance?
Is emotion in competition helpful or hurtful?
Exercise Psychology
What mental benefits does exercise provide?
Are there strategies for exercisers to fight off boredom?
Why is sticking to an exercise program so difficult?
Period 1: Early Years (1895-1920)
Norman Triplett
- 1897 - wanted to understand why cyclists rode faster in groups vs. alone
- Experiment on speed children could reel in fish: alone vs. presence of other kids
Reeled faster with other kids = proved performance influenced by others
Period 2: Griffith Era (1921-1938)
Coleman Griffith – “Father of American Sport Psychology”
* worked with Chicago Cubs, Notre Dame, Red Grange, etc.
* developed first sport psychology lab @ University of Illinois
* published 25 articles, two books:
“Psychology of Coaching” and “Psychology of Athletics.”
Period 3: Preparation for Future (1939-1965)
Franklin Henry (UC Berkeley)
* studied sport and motor skill acquisition
* created discipline of exercise and sport science
* now known as the field of kinesiology
* trained students professors spread the field
Period 4: Establish Academic Sport Psychology (1966-1977)
‘Motor Learning Specialists’: how people acquire motor skills
* studied specific factors: anxiety, esteem, personality
* first sport psychology society in North America
Period 5: Multidisciplinary Science and Practice (1978-2000)
- Better research conducted Journals published
- 1980: U.S. Olympic committee created Sport Psychology Advisory Board
- 1986: APA & AAASP established
AASP: Association for Applied Sport Psychology - 1988: U.S. Olympic team carries sport psychologist for 1st time
- Field wrestled w/ practice issues & legitimacy
- Ethics
- Standards
- Licensure
Period 6: Current Sport/Exercise Psychology (2000-Now)
- Mental Health of Athlete = Discussions now normal
- Athletes view mental training with physical training
- Specific professions for physical and mental training
- Pro teams all have (at least one) sport psychologist
- Psychological profiles used in draft assessment
- AASP conferences 1000+ attendees a year
