EXAM III Clicker Qs

Question 1

The thin descending LOH is highly permeable to which of the following:
Sodium
Water
Urea
Amino Acids

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Aldosterone is an important regulator of Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion; one of its main targets is...?
Podocyte
Principal Cells
Intercalated Cells
Cells of Macula Densa

Answer 2

Principal cells

Question 3

The macula densa is found in which of the following parts of the renal tubule?
PCT
Thin descending limb of Henle
Thick ascending limb of Henle
DCT

Answer 3

DCT

Question 4

Which of the following would be a result of increased levels of angiotensin II?
Decreased BP
Increased vasoconstriction
Increased natriuresis
Decreased aldosterone levels

Answer 4

Increased vasoconstriction

Question 5

Which of the following in liters/day represents the GFR in the average adult human?
3
125
180
360

Answer 5

180

Question 6

An increase in which of the following factors will result in decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure?
Arterial pressure
Afferent arteriolar resistance
Efferent arteriolar resistance
Both B and C
All of the above

Answer 6

Afferent arteriolar resistance

Question 7

Almost 90% of glucose reabsorption occurs in the early PCT. Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for moving glucose from the tubular lumen into the cytoplasmic compartment?
Primary active transport via a glucose ATPase pump
Secondary active transport via a Na+/glucose cotransporter
Secondary active transport via a Na+/glucose antiporter
Diffusion due to [ ] differences b/w tubular fluid and cytoplasm

Answer 7

Secondary active transport via a Na+/glucose cotransporter

Question 8

Which hormone's sources is the posterior pituitary?
Aldosterone
Angiotensin II
ADH
ANP

Answer 8

ADH

Made in the hypothalamus, secreted in posterior pituitary

Question 9

Which of the following describes a valid change in K+ distribution due to an acid-base abnormality?
Metabolic acidosis decreases extracellular [K+]
Metabolic alkalosis increases extracellular [K+]
Metabolic acidosis increases extracellular [K+]
Both A and B are valid

Answer 9

Metabolic acidosis increases extracellular [K+]

Question 10

A high K+ intake would have which of the following effects on K+ excretion associated with increased renal tubular flow rate?
K+ excretion would increase with increased tubular flow rate
K+ excretion would decrease with increased tubular flow rate
There would be little effect
Tubular flow rate would be decreased

Answer 10

K+ excretion would increase with increase tubular flow rate

Question 11

Most K+ reabsorption occurs at which of the following sites?
Ascending LOH
DCT
PCT
Collecting duct

Answer 11

PCT

Question 12

Which of the following cells play a major role in the secretion of K+?
Intercalated cells
Principal cells
Chief cells
Podocytes

Answer 12

Principal cells

Question 13

Approx how much of the body's supply of Ca2+ is stored in the bone?
1%
47%
78%
99%

Answer 13

99%

Question 14

How much of filtered Ca2+ is reabsorbed by the kidneys?
1%
45%
78%
99%

Answer 14

1%

Question 15

Which of the following cells reabsorb K+ during depletion?
Intercalated cells
Principal cells
Chief cells
Podocytes

Answer 15

Intercalated cells

Question 16

Which of the following buffer systems is most important in buffering renal tubular fluid?
Phosphate buffer system
Carbonate buffer system
Bicarbonate buffer system
Hb buffer system

Answer 16

Phosphate buffer system

Due to phosphates being concentrated in the renal tubular fluid

Question 17

Compounds that dissociate incompletely into H+ ions and a conjugate base are members of which of the following compounds?
Strong acids
Weak acids
Strong bases
Weak bases

Answer 17

Weak acid

Question 18

The bicarbonate buffer system consists of a bicarbonate salt and which of the following?
Weak acid
Strong acid
Strong bases
Weak bases

Answer 18

Weak acids

Question 19

Primary active H+ secretion involves a H-transporting ATPase. It occurs in which of the following parts of the renal tubules?
Descending limb of Henle

Ascending limb of Henle

Late distal tubule in intercalated cells

Early collecting tubules in principal cells

Answer 19

Late distal tubules in intercalated cells

Question 20

Most bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in which of the following parts of the renal tubule?

Proximal tubule

Descending limb of Henle

Ascending limb of Henle

Distal tubule

Answer 20

Proximal tubule

Question 21

Which of the following occurs when a decrease in bicarbonate ion results in a decrease in the ratio of bicarbonate ion to CO2 in the extracellular fluid?

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 21

Metabolic acidosis

Question 22

Respiratory alkalosis due to a decrease in [CO2] caused by hyperventilation is compensated for by which of the following mechanisms?

Increased ventilation rate

Decreased ventilation rate

Renal excretion of bicarbonate ion

Renal addition of new bicarbonate ion to extracellular fluid

Answer 22

Renal excretion of bicarbonate ion

Question 23

The lung apices (apex) have which zone flow?

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Answer 23

Zone 2; lower areas have zone 3 flow

In standing position, more blood flows to the base/bottom of lungs

Question 24

The base of the lungs have which zone flow?

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Answer 24

Zone 3; while standing, as much as 5x more blood flows to the base of the lungs rather than the apex

Question 25

Acidosis occurs when the ratio of bicarbonate ion to CO2 is the extracellular fluid decreases. When this change is due to a decreases in bicarbonate ion, it is called respiratory acidosis (bicarbonate = metabolic) True False

Answer 25

False

Question 26

``` The volume by which the lungs and thorax increase for each unit of pressure change in the transpulmonary pressure is referred to as: Tidal volume Inspiratory pressure Compliance Transpulmonary volume Elasticity ```

Answer 26

Compliance

Question 27

During heavy exercise blood flow through the lungs increases 4 to 7x that at rest. This increase is due to which of the following: Increase in the number of open capillaries up to 3x normal Distension of capillaries and a doubling in the flow rate Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure All the above A and B only

Answer 27

All the above

Question 28

``` The Va/Q ratio is 0 under which of the following conditions? Va = infinity, but Q = 1 Va = infinity, but Q = 0 Va = 0, but perfusion >0 Va > 0, but Q = 0 ```

Answer 28

Va = 0, but perfusion > 0

Question 29

According to the O2 Hb dissociation curve, an increase in blood partial oxygen pressure will have which of the following effects? A decrease in bound O2 An increase in bound O2 No change in blood O2 There is no correlation b/w the 2 variables

Answer 29

An increase in bound O2

Question 30

Reduction of blood flow to a portion of the lung has which of the following effects? ( constriction - less gas exchange happening) Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung Alveolar pCO2 is elevated, resulting in a constriction on the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a dilation of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung Alveolar pCO2 is elevated, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung

Answer 30

Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung

Question 31

One gram of Hb can bind to how much oxygen? 19. 4 ml O2 15. 4 ml O2 3. 25 ml O2 1. 34 ml O2

Answer 31

1.34 ml O2