EXAM III Clicker Qs Flashcards
The thin descending LOH is highly permeable to which of the following: Sodium Water Urea Amino Acids
Water
Aldosterone is an important regulator of Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion; one of its main targets is...? Podocyte Principal Cells Intercalated Cells Cells of Macula Densa
Principal cells
The macula densa is found in which of the following parts of the renal tubule? PCT Thin descending limb of Henle Thick ascending limb of Henle DCT
DCT
Which of the following would be a result of increased levels of angiotensin II? Decreased BP Increased vasoconstriction Increased natriuresis Decreased aldosterone levels
Increased vasoconstriction
Which of the following in liters/day represents the GFR in the average adult human? 3 125 180 360
180
An increase in which of the following factors will result in decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure? Arterial pressure Afferent arteriolar resistance Efferent arteriolar resistance Both B and C All of the above
Afferent arteriolar resistance
Almost 90% of glucose reabsorption occurs in the early PCT. Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for moving glucose from the tubular lumen into the cytoplasmic compartment?
Primary active transport via a glucose ATPase pump
Secondary active transport via a Na+/glucose cotransporter
Secondary active transport via a Na+/glucose antiporter
Diffusion due to [ ] differences b/w tubular fluid and cytoplasm
Secondary active transport via a Na+/glucose cotransporter
Which hormone's sources is the posterior pituitary? Aldosterone Angiotensin II ADH ANP
ADH
Made in the hypothalamus, secreted in posterior pituitary
Which of the following describes a valid change in K+ distribution due to an acid-base abnormality?
Metabolic acidosis decreases extracellular [K+]
Metabolic alkalosis increases extracellular [K+]
Metabolic acidosis increases extracellular [K+]
Both A and B are valid
Metabolic acidosis increases extracellular [K+]
A high K+ intake would have which of the following effects on K+ excretion associated with increased renal tubular flow rate?
K+ excretion would increase with increased tubular flow rate
K+ excretion would decrease with increased tubular flow rate
There would be little effect
Tubular flow rate would be decreased
K+ excretion would increase with increase tubular flow rate
Most K+ reabsorption occurs at which of the following sites? Ascending LOH DCT PCT Collecting duct
PCT
Which of the following cells play a major role in the secretion of K+? Intercalated cells Principal cells Chief cells Podocytes
Principal cells
Approx how much of the body's supply of Ca2+ is stored in the bone? 1% 47% 78% 99%
99%
How much of filtered Ca2+ is reabsorbed by the kidneys? 1% 45% 78% 99%
1%
Which of the following cells reabsorb K+ during depletion? Intercalated cells Principal cells Chief cells Podocytes
Intercalated cells
Which of the following buffer systems is most important in buffering renal tubular fluid? Phosphate buffer system Carbonate buffer system Bicarbonate buffer system Hb buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Due to phosphates being concentrated in the renal tubular fluid
Compounds that dissociate incompletely into H+ ions and a conjugate base are members of which of the following compounds? Strong acids Weak acids Strong bases Weak bases
Weak acid
The bicarbonate buffer system consists of a bicarbonate salt and which of the following? Weak acid Strong acid Strong bases Weak bases
Weak acids
Primary active H+ secretion involves a H-transporting ATPase. It occurs in which of the following parts of the renal tubules?
Descending limb of Henle
Ascending limb of Henle
Late distal tubule in intercalated cells
Early collecting tubules in principal cells
Late distal tubules in intercalated cells
Most bicarbonate reabsorption occurs in which of the following parts of the renal tubule?
Proximal tubule
Descending limb of Henle
Ascending limb of Henle
Distal tubule
Proximal tubule
Which of the following occurs when a decrease in bicarbonate ion results in a decrease in the ratio of bicarbonate ion to CO2 in the extracellular fluid?
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis due to a decrease in [CO2] caused by hyperventilation is compensated for by which of the following mechanisms?
Increased ventilation rate
Decreased ventilation rate
Renal excretion of bicarbonate ion
Renal addition of new bicarbonate ion to extracellular fluid
Renal excretion of bicarbonate ion
The lung apices (apex) have which zone flow?
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 2; lower areas have zone 3 flow
In standing position, more blood flows to the base/bottom of lungs
The base of the lungs have which zone flow?
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 3; while standing, as much as 5x more blood flows to the base of the lungs rather than the apex
Acidosis occurs when the ratio of bicarbonate ion to CO2 is the extracellular fluid decreases. When this change is due to a decreases in bicarbonate ion, it is called respiratory acidosis (bicarbonate = metabolic)
True
False
False
The volume by which the lungs and thorax increase for each unit of pressure change in the transpulmonary pressure is referred to as: Tidal volume Inspiratory pressure Compliance Transpulmonary volume Elasticity
Compliance
During heavy exercise blood flow through the lungs increases 4 to 7x that at rest. This increase is due to which of the following:
Increase in the number of open capillaries up to 3x normal
Distension of capillaries and a doubling in the flow rate
Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure
All the above
A and B only
All the above
The Va/Q ratio is 0 under which of the following conditions? Va = infinity, but Q = 1 Va = infinity, but Q = 0 Va = 0, but perfusion >0 Va > 0, but Q = 0
Va = 0, but perfusion > 0
According to the O2 Hb dissociation curve, an increase in blood partial oxygen pressure will have which of the following effects?
A decrease in bound O2
An increase in bound O2
No change in blood O2
There is no correlation b/w the 2 variables
An increase in bound O2
Reduction of blood flow to a portion of the lung has which of the following effects? ( constriction - less gas exchange happening)
Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung
Alveolar pCO2 is elevated, resulting in a constriction on the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung
Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a dilation of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung
Alveolar pCO2 is elevated, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung
Alveolar pCO2 is lowered, resulting in a constriction of the bronchi supplying that portion of the lung
One gram of Hb can bind to how much oxygen?
- 4 ml O2
- 4 ml O2
- 25 ml O2
- 34 ml O2
1.34 ml O2
