Exam II Material Dr. Pruzansky Growth and Dev 1

Question 1

What are the three types of cellular growth?

Answer 1

1. Hypertrophy 2. Hyperplasia 3.Secretion of ECM

Question 2

Which type of cellular growth is this describing? Increased SIZE of individual cells

Answer 2

hypertrophy

Question 3

Which type of cellular growth is this describing? increased NUMBER of cells

Answer 3

hyperplasia

Question 4

Which type of cellular growth is this describing? increase in size INDEPENDENT of cell size/number

Answer 4

secretion of ECM

Question 5

What type(s) of cellular growth are involved in SKELETAL growth? What is the MOST prominent?

Answer 5

ALL 3! hyperPLASIA is most prominent

Question 6

What type(s) of cellular growth occur in soft tissue growth? What is/are the MOST prominent?

Answer 6

all three but BOTH hypertrophy and hyperplasia occur more than ECM secretion

Question 7

What is unique about the types of cellular growth on MINERALIZED tissue?

Answer 7

All 3 types are happening, but they happen only on the SURFACE!

Question 8

Which type of bone growth is a proliferation of CARTILAGE?

Answer 8

EndoCHONDRIAL (cartilage) Ossification

Question 9

Endochondrial Ossification is a proliferation of ______

Answer 9

cartilage

Question 10

In Endochondrial Ossification, _______ cells are replaced by _______ cells.

Answer 10

cartilage replaced by bone

Question 11

Which type of bone growth is secretion of bone matrix directly within the connective tissue (no cartilage)?

Answer 11

intramembranous ossification

Question 12

What are the prime examples of bones that undergo endochondrial ossification?

Answer 12

long bones

Question 13

What are the prime examples of bones that undergo intramembranous growth?

Answer 13

cranial vault and “jaws”

Question 14

In intramembranous growth: Secretion of bone matrix directly within _______ tissue

Answer 14

connective

Question 15

In intramembranous growth: __________ cells differentiate into osteoblasts

Answer 15

Osteoprogenitor

Question 16

In intramembranous growth: ________ is formed and undergoes ossification

Answer 16

Collagen matrix

Question 17

FLAT bones of the crainial vault are formed DIRECTLY via _________ bone formation, with NO ________ precursors.

Answer 17

intramembranous…cartilage

Question 18

*growth of the cranial vault is a response to what?

Answer 18

growth of the brain

Question 19

Where does remodeling and growth occur in the cranial vault?

Answer 19

at the cranial sutures

Question 20

the cranial sutures are ______-lined contact areas between skull bones

Answer 20

periosteum

Question 21

What are the fontanelles comprised of?

Answer 21

loose connective tissue

Question 22

During development of the crainial vault bone is also removed from the _____ surface of the cranial vault and added to the ______ surface

Answer 22

inner…exterior

Question 23

What are the three bones that make up the cranial base?

Answer 23

1.ethmoid 2.sphenoid 3.occipital

Question 24

The cranial base is formed initially in ______ (so its formed via ________)

Answer 24

cartilage (so its Endochondrial ossification)

Question 25

What is the development of the cranial base NOT affected by???

Answer 25

growth of the brain

Question 26

Which growth generally occurs first-the cranial base or the jaws?

Answer 26

cranial base

Question 27

The maxilla grows via which type of ossification?

Answer 27

intramembraneous ossification

Question 28

Maxilla is moved ________ and ______ by the growth of the __________ behind it. Bone is REMOVED from the _______ surface.

Answer 28

forward and downward…cranial base…anterior

Question 29

For the roof of the mouth-bone is REMOVED on the ______ side and ADDED on the ______ side.

Answer 29

removed-NASAL…added-oral side

Question 30

since the growth of the roof of the mouth is downward and forward, it is also partially cancelled out by resorption of _________

Answer 30

anterior alveolar process

Question 31

the mid-palatal suture does not FUSE, it just becomes more _______ with age

Answer 31

tortuous

Question 32

For mandibular growth: there is both _________ AND ________ activity

Answer 32

endochondrial and periosteal

Question 33

The CONDYLE is kind of a complicated story eh?…its covered by _______: growth by WHAT THREE METHODS??

Answer 33

cartilage… hyperplasia, hypertrophy & endochondral replacement (proliferation of cartilage)

Question 34

ALL other areas of the mandible BESIDES the condyle grow via _________

Answer 34

surface apposition

Question 35

What are the 3 principle growth sites in the mandible?

Answer 35

1.posterior surface of the ramus…2.condylar and 3.coronoid process

Question 36

growth of the condyle increases WHICH dimension of the mandible?

Answer 36

A-P

Question 37

lol. you understand this mandibular growth description??Translated ________ and ________ while growing _______ and ________

Answer 37

downward and forward…..upward and backward

Question 38

There is SHORT lip height during mixed dentition, then the lips move _______…WHEN is lip THICKNESS maximal?

Answer 38

downward…adolescence

Question 39

nasal BONE growth is complete by age ____ with a SPURT of the _______ and ______ in adolescence

Answer 39

10…cartilage and soft tissues

Question 40

Summary: Cranium: growth of _____

Answer 40

brain

Question 41

Summary: Cranial base: _________ growth & bony replacement at ________

Answer 41

endochondral….synchondrosis

Question 42

Summary: Maxilla: ______ growth & remodeling

Answer 42

sutural

Question 43

Summary: Mandible: ________ growth at condyle & bone _______/________ at surface

Answer 43

endochondral….apposition/resorption