Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 106 > exam II > Flashcards

exam II Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes - circular DNA and don’t have a nucleus, eukaryotes are larger and DNA in linear form stored in membrane enclosed nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

light microscope

A

glass lenses that magnify image by focusing a beam of photons [max: 1000x] [resolution: µm] [smallest thing you can see: bacterium]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

electron microscope

A

magnetic lenses that focus a beam of electrons [max: 100,000x] [resolution: 1nM] [smallest thing you can see: molecules]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do gases exit/enter cell?

A

diffusion across membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diffusion

A

movement from high concentration to low; rate limited by surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA + protein =

A

chromatins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

all cells have:

A

plasma membrane, chromosomes, ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

plasma membrane =

A

phospholipid bilayer perimeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ribosomes =

A

special proteins + rRNA ; location of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is ribosomal RNA made?

A

nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

transcription

A

DNA -> RNA [myosin protein]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

translation

A

RNA -> protein [ribosome]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rough ER

A

binding sites for ribosomes, collecting proteins, protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

smooth ER

A

makes membrane, work surface for chemical reactions, no docking sites for ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endomembrane system (outside of nucleus)

A

prepares proteins for secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

golgi apparatus =

A

protein trafficker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

phosphate head is…

A

hydrophilic, polar, anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hydrocarbon tail is…

A

hydrophobic, nonpolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

passive transport

A

no energy needed, diffusion, trying to create equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

active transport

A

energy needed, low to high concentration, pushes against gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tonicity

A

a solution’s ability to gain or lose water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

isotonic

A

equal tonicity

24
Q

hypotonic

A

less tonicity than…

25
Q

hypertonic

A

more tonicity than…

26
Q

osmoregulation

A

control of water balance

27
Q

facilitated transport

A

passive, some substances can only pass membranes through protein pores

28
Q

exocytosis / endocytosis

A

active, bulk transport, moving big things past membrane

29
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis (cholesterol), phagocytosis (cellular eating), pinocytosis (cellular drinking)

30
Q

energy

A

capacity to rearrange matter

31
Q

thermodynamics

A

study of energy transofmration

32
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another

33
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

when energy is converted, it’s never 100% efficient, some energy is always “lost” to heat

34
Q

exergonic reactions

A

release stored energy

35
Q

endergonic reactions

A

consume energy + store it

36
Q

energy coupling / metabolism

A

the connections between endergonic and exergonic reactions

37
Q

ATP, a nucleotide, consists of…

A

ribose, N-base, triphosphate

38
Q

oxidation is the ___ of electrons

A

loss

39
Q

reduction is the ___ of electrons

A

gain

40
Q

OILRIG

A

oxidation is loss, reduction is gain

41
Q

enzymes

A

reduce barrier holding energy in; reduce energy of activation

42
Q

enzymes are…

A

infinitely reusable, aren’t chemically changed by the reaction

43
Q

autotrophs

A

make own organic molecules from scratch

44
Q

phototrophs

A

make organic food using light

45
Q

plastid

A

a type of organelle - endosymbiont (“partner”), chloroplast

46
Q

Chlorophyll

A

“web for catching photons”

47
Q

chlorophyll absorbs + reflects what?

A

red + orange + blue absorbed, green bounces off

48
Q

photosynthesis

A

process of storing energy (conversion of light energy) in chemical form (glucose)

49
Q

photosystems

A

photopigments are arranged into photosystems in the thylakoid membrane

50
Q

ATP is made of..

A

ADP + phosphate

51
Q

stroma

A

fluid filled space of the chloroplast

52
Q

electrons energized during light reactions of photosynthesis are …

A

taken up by NADP+ to produce NADPH

53
Q

kinase

A

“boss enzyme”, phosphorylates

54
Q

photosynthesis is…

A

endergonic

55
Q

electromagnetic radiation spectrum is a type of ___ energy

A

kinetic

bio 106 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions