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bio 106 > exam I > Flashcards

exam I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

6 most abundant elements in life

A

CHONPS

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2
Q

atom

A

units of elements

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3
Q

avogadro’s number

A

6.022 x 10^23 (mol of something)

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4
Q

which subatomic particle’s mass is ~0 amu?

A

electron

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5
Q

radioisotope

A

unstable, will break down

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6
Q

molecule

A

group of atoms that are sharing electrons

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7
Q

covalent bond

A

attraction between 2 atoms that are sharing electrons

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8
Q

noble gases

A

satisfy octet rule w/o forming bonds

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9
Q

+ ( more electrons) =

A

cation

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10
Q

least to most strong bonds

A

hydrogen, ionic, covalent

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11
Q

covalent nonpolar bond

A

equal sharing of electrons

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12
Q

covalent polar bond

A

unequal sharing of electrons

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13
Q

oxygen is…

A

electronegative, electron greedy, polar

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14
Q

cohesion

A

water’s “self-stickiness”, hydrogen bonds holding molecule together

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15
Q

adhesion

A

water’s “stickiness” to other stuff

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16
Q

evaporative cooling

A

hydrogen bonds break, energy removed, remaining water becomes cooler

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17
Q

can water ionize?

A

yes!

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18
Q

hydrocarbons

A

lipids (fats), nonpolar, hydrophobic

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19
Q

hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl are…

A

polar: hydrophilic

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20
Q

carboxyl is…

A

acidic and ionic

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21
Q

amino group is…

A

basic, ionic, proton acceptor

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22
Q

increasing free protons…

A

decreases pH

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23
Q

sulfhydrl is…

A

polar S-H, hydrophilic

24
Q

phosphate is…

A

important in nucleic acids, “glue” in DNA strands, polar, ionic (usually)

25
Q

methyl is…

A

nonpolar (hydrocarbon)

26
Q

polymerization (carbohydrates)

A

monosaccharide –> polysaccharide

27
Q

saturated fats

A

solid at room temp, from animals, full of hydrogen, straight

28
Q

unsaturated fats

A

liquid at room temp, from plants, not holding all H it can, bent

29
Q

phospholipids…

A

make cell membranes, ampipathic (both hydrophobic/philic)

30
Q

steroids are…

A

cyclic lipids

31
Q

polypeptides/proteins

A

polymers of amino acids, amino acid – carboxyl + amino group, connected by peptide bonds

32
Q

1st degree protein structure

A

primary - sequence of amino acids

33
Q

2nd degree protein structure

A

secondary - local shape

34
Q

3rd degree protein structure

A

tertiary - overall shape

35
Q

4th degree protein structure

A

quaternary - interaction between separate proteins

36
Q

nucleic acids are…

A

polymerized nucleotides

37
Q

usual strands of DNA vs RNA

A

DNA - double, RNA - single

38
Q

prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, eukaryotes are larger and have DNA in linear form stored in nucleus

39
Q

things increasing [ H+ ]

A

acids (proton donors)

40
Q

how many known elements?

A

92

41
Q

the farther away from the nucleus an electron is, the ___ energy it has

A

more

42
Q

inert (full valence shells)

A

rarely participate in chemical reactions

43
Q

more electron than proton =

A

partial negative charge

44
Q

hydroxyl

A

R - O - H (adds water solubility)

45
Q

carbonyl

A

R - C (^=O) - R (adds solubility in water)

46
Q

carboxyl

A

R - C (^=O) - OH (adds free proton)

47
Q

amino

A

R - N (^H) - H (accepts a proton)

48
Q

phosphate

A

R - O - (v-OH) P (^=O) - OH

49
Q

methyl

A

R - (v-H) C (^-H) - H (adds hydrophobicity, opposite of solubility)

50
Q

sulfhydryl

A

R - S - H

51
Q

lipids are…

A

hydrophobic, mostly hydrocarbons

52
Q

fats =

A

fatty acid + glycerol (+H2O, dehydration reaction)

53
Q

glycerol

A

(v-O) C (^-H) - H

54
Q

enzymes

A

manage chemical reactions

55
Q

proteins include

A

enzymes, transport, structure, motion, polymers of amino acids

56
Q

having O vs not (in phospholipids?)

A

has O - polar, hydrophilic ; no O - nonpolar, hydrophobic

bio 106 (5 decks)

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