Exam Covering Chapters 9-13 Flashcards
Personality
enduring parters of thinking and behavior the define and distinguish a person
Personality disorder
the duration of the pattern and the social impairment associated with the symptoms in question
Ego-dystonic
distressed by their symptoms and uncomfortable with their situation
Ego-syntonic
the ideas or impulses with which they are associated are acceptable to the person
affiliation
the desire for close relationships with other people
power
the desire for impact, prestige, or dominance
Cluster A:
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Paranoid personality disorder
characterized by the pervasive tendency to be inappropriately suspicious of other people’s motives and behaviors
Schizoid personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of indifference to other people, coupled with diminished range of emotional experience and expression. Loners
Schizotypal personality disorder
centers around peculiar patterns of behavior rather than on the emotional restriction and social withdrawal. Bizarre fantasies and unusual perceptual experiences
Antisocial personality disorder
a persistant pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior that begins during the childhood or adolescence and continues into adult years
Boarderline personality disorder
diffuse category whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of instability in mood and interpersonal relationships
Cluster B:
Antisocial, Boarderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic
Histrionic personality disorder
characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking behavior
Narcissistic personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and inability to emphasize with others
Cluster C:
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive
Avoidant personality disorder
characterized by a pervasive pattern of social discomfort, fear of negative evaluation, and timidity
Dependent personality disorder
a pervasive pattern of submissive and clinging behavior
Obsessive-compulsive personality dosorder
a pervasive pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency
Cross-culture psychology
the scientific study of ways that human behavior and mental processes are influenced by social and cultural factors
Impulse control disorder
persistant, clinically significant impulsive behaviors
impulse control disorders:
Intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, Pyromania
Psychopathology
observable behaviors and repeated conflict with, including failure to conform to, social norms with respect to lawful behavior
Anorexia nervosa
extreme emaciation
Bulimia nervosa
characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating, followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self induced vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise
Adonis complex
extreme muscularity, often with anabolic steroids
Amenorrhea
the cessation of menstruation
Binge eating
consuming an amount of food that is clearly larger than most people would eat under similar circumstances in a fixed period of time
Purging
most common form is vomititing but can include laxatives, diuretics and even enemas
Binge-eating disorder
episodes of binge eating without compensatory behavior
Obesity
often defined as BMI greater than 30
Cohort
group that shares some features in common
Cohort effect
are differences that distinguish one cohort from another
enmeshed families
families whose members are overly involved in one another’s lives
Perfectionism/ists
set unrealistically high standards, are self critical, and demand a nearly flawless performance from themselves
Body image
a highly critical evaluation of ones weight and shape
Dietary restraint
direct consequences of overly restrictive eating
Weight set points
fixed weights or small ranges of weights
Substance abuse disorders
maladaptive pattern of behaviors that are related to the continued use of drugs in spite of the fact that their use creates a set of significant problems for the person
Endorphins
Endogenous opioids related to morphine, important in the activities associated with systems that control pain, emotion, stress, and reward
High-risk research design
subjects are selected from the general population biased on a well-documented risk factor
Detoxification
The removal of a drug on which a person has become dependent
Vasocongestion
engorgement of blood vessels of various organs, especially the genitals
Sexual dysfunctions
inhibitions of sexual desire and interference with the physiological responses leading to orgasm
Hypoactive sexual desire
lack of sexual fantasies and lack of interest in sexual experiences
Erectile dysfunction
Difficulties obtaining or maintaining an erection long enough to satisfy themselves and their partners during intercourse
Inhibited sexual arousal
if she cannot either achieve or maintain genital responses, such as lubrication and swelling, that are necessary to complete sexual intercourse
Orgasmic disorder
in women it is no genital sensations
premature ejaculation
early ejaculation
Sensate focus
a series of simple exercises in which the couple spends time in a quiet relaxed setting, learning to touch each other
Paraphilia
any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with a phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partner
Fetishistic disorder
the association of sexual arousal with nonliving objects
Transvestic disorder
cross-dressing for the purpose of sexual arousal
sexual masochism disorder
intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or impulses involving being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
Sexual sadism disorder
intense sexually arousing fantasies urges or behaviors that involve the psychology or physical suffering of a victim
exhibitionistic disorder
arousal from the exposures of one’s genitals to unsuspecting persons
Voyeuristic disorder
the act of observing an unsuspecting person usually a stranger, who is naked, or in th process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity
Frotteuristic disorder
a person who is fully clothed becomes sexually aroused by touching or rubbing his genitals against other non consenting people.
Pedophilic disorder
intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child
Gender Dysphoria
discomfort with one’s anatomical sex
Gender Identity
sense of ourselves as being either male or female
Schizophrenia
lost touch with reality, hearing voices, hard to follow, absurd ideas/beliefs
Prodromal Phase
an obvious deterioration in role functioning, such as student, employee, or homemaker
Positive symptoms
hallucinations and delusions
Negative symptoms
characteristics such as lack of initiative, social withdrawal, and deficits in emotional responding
disorganized symptoms
disorganized/incoherent speech
Hallucinations
sensory experiences that are not caused by actual external stimuli
Delusions
idiosyncratic beliefs that are rigidly held in spite of their preposterous nature
Diminished emotional expression
flattening or restriction of the persons nonverbal display of emotion
Anhedonia
inability to experience pleasure
Avolition
indecisiveness, ambivalence and loss of will power
Delusional disorder
do not meet the criteria for schizophrenia, but are preoccupied for at least one month with decisions that are not bizarre
Brief psychotic disorder
decisions, hallucinations, disorganized speech , disorganized or catatonic behavior for at least one day but no more than a month
Schizoaffective disorder
symptoms of patients who fall on the boundary between schizophrenia and mood disorder with psychotic features
Expressed emotion (EE)
level of caring or hostility towards a patient that has been discharged from the hospital
Vulnerability marker
must distinguish between people who already have Schizophrenia, and those who do not, must be stable over time, and it should identify more people among the biological relatives of schizophrenic patients opposed to gen pop
Antipsychotic drugs
to reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms
