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Abnormal Psychology > Exam Covering Chapters 15-18 > Flashcards

Exam Covering Chapters 15-18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Asperger’s Disorder

A

High functioning autism

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2
Q

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A

Communication and social interaction problems, and restricted, repetitive behaviors

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3
Q

Intelectual disability

A

deficitis in intellectual functioning, adaptive functioning, and before 18yr

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4
Q

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A

test’s rating of an individual’s intellectual ability

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5
Q

Normal distribution

A

bell shaped curve

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6
Q

Standard deviation

A

standard deviation from the mean

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7
Q

Down Syndrome

A

Extra chromosome that fails to separate during cell devision, substantial variation in their intellectual level

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8
Q

Fragile-X Syndrome

A

weakening of break on one arm of the X sex chromosome

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9
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

abnormally high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine, normal at birth, foods with this will build up and cause brain damage

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10
Q

Fetal Alcohol syndrome

A

retarded physical development, a small head, narrow eyes, cardiac defects and cognitive impairment, mild to normal intellectual ability

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11
Q

Cultural-familial retardation

A

intellectual disabilities of unknown etiology

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12
Q

Eugenics

A

movement dedicated to the “genetic improvement” of the human stock

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13
Q

normalization

A

people with intellectual disabilities are entitles to live as much as a normal life as possible

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14
Q

Mainstreaming

A

placing children with intellectual disabilities in the classroom with everyone else, rather than special taught classes

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15
Q

Savant performance

A

an exceptional ability in a highly specialized area of functioning

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16
Q

developmental psychology

A

abnormal behavior within the context of normal development

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17
Q

Developmental Norms

A

behavior that is typical for children of a given age

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18
Q

Externalizing disorders

A

difficulties for the child’s external world

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19
Q

Internalizing disorder

A

psychological problems that primarily affect the child’s internal world

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20
Q

Hyperactivity

A

involves squirming, fidgeting, and restless behavior

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21
Q

Attention deficits

A

Distractibility, frequent shifts from one uncompleted activity to another, careless mistakes, poor organization or effort, and general “spaciness”

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22
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder

A

a pattern of angry, defiant, and vindictive behavior

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23
Q

Learning disability

A

students who perform substantially below their ability in a specific area of learning

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24
Q

Conduct disorder

A

persistant, and repetitive pattern of serious rule violations, most of which are illegal and antisocial

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25
Q

Status offenses

A

acts that are illegal only because of the child’s age

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26
Q

Temperament

A

behavioral characteristics, activity level, emotionality, and sociability

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27
Q

representative sample

A

sample that accurately represents some larger group of people

28
Q

Coercion

A

interaction in which parents and children reciprocally reinforce children misbehavior and parent capitulation

29
Q

Psychostimulants

A

medications that increase central nervous system activity

30
Q

recidivism

A

repeat offending

31
Q

Separation anxiety disorder

A

excessive worry for the safety of an attachment figure, fears of getting lost or being kidnapped, nightmares with separation themes, and refusal to be alone

32
Q

Anxious attachments

A

fearful about exploration and are not easily comforted by their attachment figures

33
Q

resilience

A

their ability to bounce back

34
Q

Emotion regulation

A

process of learning to identify, evaluate, and control your feelings

35
Q

Life-cycle Transitions:

A

Adult life, Family transitions, transition to later life

36
Q

Transition to adult life issues

A

identity, career, and relationships

37
Q

Family transition

A

middle adult years, happy events like first child, and/or sad events like divorce

38
Q

Transition to later life

A

retirement, grief over lost loved ones, conflicts about aging, mortality, life one has lived

39
Q

Adjustment disorders

A

clinically significant symptoms in response to stress that are not severe enough to warrant classification as a mental disorder

40
Q

Identity crisis resolution

A

a comprehensive answer to the question “Who am I?”

41
Q

Social clocks

A

age related goals for ourselves (like achievements accomplished on time)

42
Q

Identity crisis

A

psychological conflict to the transition to adult life

43
Q

Moratorium

A

a time of uncertainty about themselves and their goals

44
Q

Family life cycle

A

developmental course of family relationships throughout life

45
Q

Heritability

A

the relative contribution of genes to a characteristic

46
Q

heritability ratio

A

variance due to genetic factors/total variance

47
Q

Gene environment correlation

A

an association between inborn propensities and environmental experiences

48
Q

ageism

A

misconceptions and prejudices about aging

49
Q

Menopause

A

cessation of menstruation

50
Q

Bereavement

A

form of grieving in response to death of a loved one

51
Q

gerontology

A

multidisciplinary study of aging

52
Q

Expert witnesses

A

specialists allowed to testify about matters of opinion

53
Q

criminal responsibility

A

because people act out of free will they are accountable for their actions when they violate the law

54
Q

Insanity

A

exception to criminal responsibility

55
Q

Insanity defense

A

mental disability should limit criminal responsibility

56
Q

Competence

A

defendants ability to understand the legal proceedings that are taking place against them and to participate in their own defense

57
Q

Civil commitment

A

the involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill

58
Q

base rates

A

population frequencies

59
Q

Informed consent (1)

A

Clinician must tell a patient about a procedure and its risks

60
Q

Informed consent (2)

A

the patient understands the information and freely consents to the procedure

61
Q

Informed consent (3)

A

the patient must be competent to give consent

62
Q

Outpatient commitment

A

mandatory court-ordered treatment in the community

63
Q

Advance psychiatric directives

A

legal instruments to declare their treatment preferences, or appoint a surrogate to make decisions for them

64
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

embraced the philosophy that many patients can be better red for in their community than in a large mental hospital

65
Q

professional responsibilities

A

Obligations to meet the ethical standards of their profession and to uphold the laws of the state in which they practice in

66
Q

Confidentiality

A

the ethical obligation not to reveal private communications

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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