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Abnormal Psychology > EXAM Covering Chapters 5-8 > Flashcards

EXAM Covering Chapters 5-8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Affect

A

the pattern of observable behaviors, such as facial expression, that are associated with these subjective feelings

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2
Q

Mood

A

a pervasive and sustained emotional response that can color the way you perceive the world

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3
Q

depressed mood

A

Feelings of disappointment and despair

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4
Q

Clinical Depression

A

a depressed mood is accompanied by several other symptoms, such as fatigue, loss of energy, difficulty sleeping, and changes in appetite

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5
Q

Mania

A

opposite emotional state of depression, accompanied with a euphoric feeling

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6
Q

Mood disorders

A

periods of time in which the persons behavior is in either a depressed or manic mood

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7
Q

depressive disorders

A

person only experiences episodes of depression

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8
Q

bipolar disorder

A

person experiences episodes of mania as well as depression

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9
Q

Dysphoric

A

Depressed or unpleasant mood

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10
Q

Somatic Symptoms of mood disorders

A

the psychological disorder effects the physical body not just your mood

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11
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

behavior that accompanies depression; slowed movement, walk and talk as if in slow motion, pausing for an expended period of time before answering questions

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12
Q

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

depressive disorder that represents a chronic mild depressive condition that has been present for many years without a major depressive episode

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13
Q

Hypomania

A

episodes of increased energy that are not sufficiently severe to qualify as full blown mania

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14
Q

Cyclothymia

A

chronic, but less severe form of bipolar

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15
Q

Melancholia

A

severe type of depression, unremitting, vegetative state, (ECT?, Bio treatments)

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16
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

in which the onset of episodes is regularly associated with the change of the seasons

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17
Q

remission

A

when a persons symptoms are diminished or improved

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18
Q

Relapse

A

is a return of active symptoms in a person that has recovered from a pervious episode

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19
Q

Ruminative style

A

responding to feelings of depression by turning their attention inward, contemplating the cause and implications of their depression, ex. writing in a journal

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20
Q

Distracting style

A

responding to depression by focusing on hobbies and sports and becoming more involved to draw their attention away from the depression

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21
Q

Analogue studies

A

focus on behaviors that resemble mental disorders that appear in the natural environment

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22
Q

SSRI’s

A

inhibit the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic nerve ending, causing the serotonin pathways to have an increased amount of serotonin

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23
Q

Tricyclics antidepressants

A

inhibits reuptake of several neurotransmitters, have more side effects than SSRI’s

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24
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

prevents breakdown of several neurotransmitters, not used as commonly because you have to avoid cheese and chocolate, and often develop high blood pressure

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25
Q

lithium carbonate

A

first choice in treating bipolar disorder

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26
Q

Fear

A

Specific, realistic, present, adaptive

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27
Q

anxiety

A

General, out of proportion, future, maladaptive

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28
Q

Worry

A

Uncontrollable thoughts of future danger

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29
Q

Panic attack

A

Sudden, overwhelming terror

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30
Q

Phobias

A

Irrational, focused anxiety, avoidance

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31
Q

Specific Phobia

A

marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety

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32
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

focused on social situations in which the person may closely be observed or evaluated by other people

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33
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of the market place or places of assembly, fear of public spaces

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34
Q

Panic disorder

A

a person experiences recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with at least one followed by another within the next month

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35
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety and worry are the primary symptoms

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36
Q

Preparedness model

A

fear of certain stimuli that is more easily learned than others because hundreds of years ago we evolved to learn this faster, like fear of snakes, spiders, heights

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37
Q

situational exposure

A

treat agoraphobic people, where the person repeatedly confronts the situation they fear

38
Q

interoceptive exposure

A

the process is accomplished by having the person engage in standardized exercises that are known to produce the physical attributes of a panic attack, and teach how to control them.

39
Q

Breathing retraining

A

education about the physiological effects of hyperventilating and practice in slow breathing techniques

40
Q

Obsessions

A

Repetitive, unwanted thoughts

41
Q

Compulsions

A

Compelled repetitive actions that reduce anxiety (Not pleasurable; NOT “compulsive” gambling)

42
Q

dissociation

A

the disruption of the normally integrated mental processes involved in memory, consciousness, identity, or perception

43
Q

Traumatic stress

A

an event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence to self or witnessing others experience trauma

44
Q

Acute stress disorder (ASD)

A

occurs within a month after exposure to a traumatic stress

45
Q

Post traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD)

A

last longer than one month and sometimes has a delayed onset

46
Q

Flashbacks

A

sudden memories during which the trauma is replayed in images or thoughts

47
Q

Differences between people with and without PTSD are…

A

Correlations, apparently due to preexisting differences not due to brain damage from the trauma

48
Q

meaning-making

A

finding value or reason for having endured a trauma

49
Q

Critical incident stress debriefing

A

a single one to five hour group meeting offered one to three days after a disaster

50
Q

dissociative disorders

A

persistent mal adaptive disruptions in the integration of memory, consciousness, or identity

51
Q

dissociative fugue

A

unplanned travel, the inability to remember details about past and confusion about identity of the assumption of a new identity

52
Q

hysteria

A

frustrated sexual desires, particularly in woman desire to have a baby, cause the unusual symptoms

53
Q

Hypnosis

A

loss of control over their actions in response to suggestions from the hypnotist

54
Q

rational system

A

a system of information processing, that uses abstract, logical knowledge to solve complex problems over time

55
Q

experimental system

A

a system of information processing that uses intuitive knowledge to respond to problems immediately without delay of thought

56
Q

Explicit memory

A

conscious recollection

57
Q

implicit memory

A

is unconscious and evident only because past experience can change behavior

58
Q

Derealization/depersonalization disorder

A

feelings of unreality or detachment from the environment

59
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

the partial or complete loss of recall for particular events or for a particular period of time, personal information, that exceeds forgetfulness

60
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

formerly known as multiple personality disorder, and is the existence of two or more distinct personalities in a single individual

61
Q

retrospective reports

A

evaluations of the past from the vantage of the present, that may be selectively recalled, distorted, or even created to confirm a clinician’s expectations

62
Q

state dependent learning

A

learning that takes place in one state or affect or consciousness is bested recalled in that same state, affect, or consciousness

63
Q

iatrogenesis

A

the manufacture of a disorder by its treatment

64
Q

somatice symptom disorders

A

physical symptoms are prominent and accompanied by impairing psychological distress

65
Q

conversion disorder

A

emotions converted into physical symptoms

66
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

fear or belief that one is suffering from a physical illness but physical symptoms are either absent or minor

67
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance

68
Q

malingering

A

pretending to have a physical illness in order to achieve some external gain such as disability

69
Q

factitious disorder

A

a feigned condition that, unlike malingering, is motivated primarily by a desire to assume the sick role rather than by a desire for external gain

70
Q

behavioral medicine

A

includes bother medical and mental health professionals who focus on psychological influences on the symptoms, causes, and treatment of physical illness

71
Q

Stress

A

a challenging event that requires physiological, cognitive, or behavioral adaptation

72
Q

primary appraisal

A

our evaluation of the challenge, threat, or harm posed by an event

73
Q

secondary appraisal

A

our assessment of our abilities and resources for coping with the event

74
Q

Two hormones Adrenal glands release

A

epinephrine, and norepinephrine which activate cortisol

75
Q

Cortisol

A

“stress hormone”, functions quickly to help the body make repairs in response to injury or infection

76
Q

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

A

investigates the relation between stress and immune function

77
Q

homeostasis

A

the tendency to return to a steady state of normal functioning

78
Q

generaladaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

consists of 3 stages, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

79
Q

problem-focused coping

A

involves attempts to change a stressor

80
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

is an attempt to alter internal distress

81
Q

ways to reduce stress

A

predictability, control, outlets for frustration, optimism, repression(not healthy)

82
Q

Resilience

A

the ability to cope successfully with the challenges of life

83
Q

Health behavior

A

is any action that promotes good health

84
Q

illness behavior

A

behaving as if you are sick

85
Q

longitudinal study

A

studying people repeatedly over time

86
Q

cross-sectional study

A

people are studied at only one point in time

87
Q

Stages of Grief

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

88
Q

Stress: General adaptation syndrome

A

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

out of gas and keep trying to start car

89
Q

Stress: Overwhelms homeostasis

A

can’t idle down (like car on a cold morning)

90
Q

stress: uses energy that impairs body functioning

A

cooling lubricants can’t keep up

91
Q

Stress: Health behavior

A

Indirect effect, poor driving, ignoring maintenance

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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