Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Psychology > EXAM Covering Chapters 1-4 > Flashcards

EXAM Covering Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Paradigm

A

is a set of shared assumptions that includes what the theory is about and how to test the hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

biological, psychological, social contributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Id

A

present at birth, biological drives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ego

A

part of brain that must deal with realities of the world, while trying to fulfill id impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Super ego

A

equivalent to your conscience, societal standards of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

unconscious self deceptions that reduce conscious anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classical conditioning

A

is learning through associations (Pavlov)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extinction

A

stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Operant Learning

A

behavior is a function of consequences (Skinner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Systems theory

A

embraces the importance of multiple contributions to causality but also their interdependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reductionism

A

attempts to understand problems by focusing on smaller and smaller units, suggesting that the smallest account is the true cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Equifinality

A

many paths to the same destination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diathesis

A

predisposition towards developing a disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stress

A

a difficult experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Developmental Psychopathology

A

emphasizes change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Premorbid history

A

a pattern of behavior the precedes the onset of the disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prognosis

A

a disorder having a predictable course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Correlational study

A

the relation between two factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

between -1, 1, and shows how strongly the two factors are related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reverse causality

A

causation could be operating in the opposite direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Third variable

A

a correlation between two variables might be explained by a 3rd unmeasured factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurons

A

basic building blocks of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synapse

A

a small gap filled with fluid where the axon terminal is separated from other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

released into the synapse and are received by receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Receptors

A

receive neurotransmitters and are located on the dendrites or soma of another neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Reuptake

A

captures some neurotransmitters in the snaps and returns the chemical substances to the axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dualism

A

the mistaken view that the mind and body are somehow separable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Limbic system

A

Where the forebrain is linked with the mid brain and hindbrain, and is made up of several structures that regulate emotion and learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

controls basic biological urges such as eating drinking and sexual urges (The Four F’s Food, Fight, Flight, F***)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

what most of the forebrain is composed of, and are divided up into the left and the right cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lateralized

A

one hemisphere serves as a specialized role in the site of specific cognitive and emotional activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ventricles

A

four connected chambers, filled with cerebral spinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

is the uneven surface area of the forebrain, just under the skull, and controls integration of sophisticated memory, sensory, and motor functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Psychophysiology

A

changes in the functioning of the body that result from psychological experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Endocrine system

A

a collection of glands found at various locations throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hormones

A

chemical substance that affect the functioning of distant body systems and sometimes neuromodulators. Released by the Endocrine glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

regulates functions of various body organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Genes

A

are ultramicroscopic units of DNA that cary information about heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

chromosomes

A

chainlike structures contained in the nucleus of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Behavior genetics

A

genetic influences on normal and abnormal behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Genotype

A

actual GENETIC structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Phenotype

A

the PHYSICAL appearance of the genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Polygenic

A

disorders that are influenced by multiple genes and the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Probands

A

index cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Identical, ONE egg (mono)

46
Q

Dizygotic

A

Fraternal, TWO eggs (di)

47
Q

Concordance rates

A

a twin pair is concordant when both twins either have the same disorder of both don’t have it

48
Q

Shared environment

A

experiences that the twins have in common

49
Q

Non shared environment

A

experiences unique to one of the twins

50
Q

Gene-environment interaction

A

genetic predispositions and environmental factors combining to create more than their separate influences

51
Q

Attachments

A

selective bonds with their care givers

52
Q

Dominance

A

the hierarchical ordering of social group into more and less privileged

53
Q

Temperament

A

characteristic styles relating to the world. “OCEAN”, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

54
Q

Emotions

A

internal feeling or states

55
Q

Modeling

A

learning through imitation

56
Q

Attributions

A

are perceived causes, peoples beliefs about cause effect relations

57
Q

Identity

A

integrated sense of self

58
Q

Self control

A

internal rules for guiding behavior

59
Q

Developmental stages

A

periods of time marked by age/or social tasks during which children or adults face common social and emotional challenges

60
Q

Social support

A

the emotional and practical support received from others

61
Q

Gender roles

A

the expectations regarding appropriate behavior of males and females

62
Q

Psychotherapy

A

The use of psychological techniques and therapist client relationship to produce emotional, cognitive, and behavior change

63
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

The use of medication to treat psychological disturbances

64
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

inducing seizures by passing electricity through the brain, used to treat severe depression

65
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s therapy where he would have the patient talk freely about whatever crossed their minds

66
Q

Insight

A

formerly unconscious material brought into conscious awareness

67
Q

Interpretations

A

the analyst’s main tool for promoting insight, usually relate to past experiences with loved ones

68
Q

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

A

more engaged than psychotherapy and directive, and treatment is much shorter

69
Q

Interpersonal therapy (ITP)

A

focuses on changing emotions and styles of interacting with close relationships

70
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

research based technique to help troubled people find new ways of thinking

71
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

a technique of eliminating fears

72
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

treatment for depression based on the belief that depressed people have gray colored lenses

73
Q

Humanistic psychotherapy

A

belief in that humans have choices and we create out own futures

74
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

focuses on the therapy relationship

75
Q

Therapeutic alliance

A

a bond between client and therapist that is crucial for therapy to work

76
Q

Meta-analysis

A

a statistical procedure that allow researchers to combine results from different studies in a standardized way

77
Q

Placebo effect

A

the powerful healing effect produced by inert treatments

78
Q

Couple therapy

A

involves intimate partners in therapy together

79
Q

Family therapy

A

family members being treated, designed to improve communication

80
Q

Group therapy

A

several people facing similar emotional problems or life issues

81
Q

Assessment

A

the process of gathering information

82
Q

Diagnosis

A

identification or recognitions of a disorder on the basis of its symptoms

83
Q

Classification system

A

is used to divide or organize a set of objects

84
Q

Categorical approach to classification

A

assumes that distinctions among members of different categories are qualitative

85
Q

Dimensional approach to classification

A

the objects of classification in terms of continuous dimensions (like how much the characteristic of that object exhibit)

86
Q

Stigma

A

Stamp or label that sets a person apart from others

87
Q

Cultural concepts of distress

A

patterns of erratic or unusual thinking and behavior that have bene identified in diverse societies around the world and do not easily fit into the other diagnostic categories that are listed in the DSM 5 (unique to specific societies)

88
Q

Reliability

A

refers to the consistency of measurements

89
Q

Validity

A

meaning or importance of measurement

90
Q

Etiological validity

A

concerned with factors that cause or contribute to the onset of a disorder

91
Q

Comorbidity

A

The simultaneous appearance of two or more disorders in the same person

92
Q

Rating scale

A

in which the observer is asked to make judgments that place the person along a dimension

93
Q

Reactivity

A

people may alter their behavior when they know they are being watched. (intentionally, or unintentionally)

94
Q

Personality inventories

A

straightforward statement the subject has to indicate if it is true or false

95
Q

Actuarial interpretation

A

analyzing results of a specific test on the basis of an explicit set of rules that are derived from empirical research

96
Q

Projective tests

A

the person is presented with ambiguous stimuli and asked to project a story onto it

97
Q

Psychopathology

A

the symptoms and signs of mental disorders, including such phenomena as depressed mood, panic attacks, and bizarre beliefs

98
Q

Abnormal psychology

A

is the application of psychological science to the study off mental disorders

99
Q

Psychosis

A

several types of severe mental disorders in which the person is considered t be out of contact with reality

100
Q

Syndrome

A

A group of symptoms that appear together and are assumed to represent a specific type of disorder

101
Q

Harmful disfunction

A

1) the inability to perform psychical or mental natural functions
2) condition causes harm to the person as judged by the persons culture

102
Q

Culture

A

the values, beliefs, and ideas shared with a specific community or group of people

103
Q

Epidemiology

A

the scientific study of frequency and distribution of disorders in an environment

104
Q

Incidence

A

refers to the number of new cases of a disorder that appear in a population during a specific period of time

105
Q

Prevalence

A

refers to the total number of active cases, both old and new

106
Q

Comorbidity

A

The presence of more than one condition within the same period of time

107
Q

Psychiatry

A

Medicine that is concerned with the study and treatment of mental disorders

108
Q

Clinical psychology

A

concerned with the application of psychological science to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders

109
Q

Social work

A

concerned with helping people to achieve an effective level of psychosocial functioning

110
Q

Case study

A

an in-depth look at the symptoms and circumstances surrounding one person’s mental disturbance

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions