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ZOO 305 > Exam - Chapter 7&8 > Flashcards

Exam - Chapter 7&8 Flashcards

1
Q

point of shoulder

A

acromion process

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2
Q

head of femur fits here held by muscles and ligaments

A

acetabulum

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3
Q

also known as collar bone, most fractured bone in body

A

clavicle

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4
Q

arm bone on thumb side

A

radius

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5
Q

arm bone on pinky side

A

ulna

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6
Q

What bone articulates with the humerus?

A

ulna, at the olecranon process/fossa

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7
Q

Number of bones of ribs in order

A

7 true ribs, 3 false ribs, 2 floating ribs

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8
Q

What type of cartilage is in the ribs

A

Hyaline (costal or costalchondral) cartilage

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9
Q

Wings

A

scapulae

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10
Q

muscle attaches here for movement of shoulder, sticks outward anteriorly

A

coracoid process

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11
Q

point of shoulder, sticks up!

A

acromion process

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12
Q

What does the proximal end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

Manubrium of the sternum

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13
Q

Why are false ribs false?

A

They do not attach to the sternum, they attach to rib 7

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14
Q

Where is the detoid tuberosity located?

A

midway up the humerus, where muscle attaches

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15
Q

proximal end of humerus attaches here to scapula

A

glenoid cavity

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16
Q

Supraspinous/infraspinous fossa are located above/below which part of scapula?

A

Spine of scapula

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17
Q

What type of cartilage is the head of the humerus made of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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19
Q

Where does the posterior portion of the shaft of the rib (tubercle) attach to on vertebra?

A

a facet

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20
Q

Some lovers try positions that they cannot handle. From what angle is this relevant?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate; back of hand, fingers facing upwards

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21
Q

Pisiform is closest to which finger

A

Pinky!

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22
Q

5 for each finger in the hand, long bones of hand

A

metacarpals

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23
Q

What number metacarpal is thumb?

A

1!

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24
Q

contains proximal, medial, and distal, except for thumb

A

phalanges

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25
Q

bone of the upper arm, lower arm, upper leg, lower leg

A

long bones

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26
Q

bones of the talus and carpus

A

short bones

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27
Q

bones of the ribs scapulae, some bones of the skull

A

flat bones

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28
Q

vertebral bones

A

irregular bones

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29
Q

bone of the patella; small and round

A

sesamoid bone

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30
Q

shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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31
Q

ends of long bone

A

epiphysis

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32
Q

articulates with the femur ONLY; medial!

A

tibia

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33
Q

attaches to indercondylar fossa of femur flat-like plateau

A

intercondylar eminence

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34
Q

bumps on top of the tibia

A

medial and later condyles

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35
Q

bump on the anterior portion of tibia where muscles and ligaments attach

A

tibial tuberosity

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36
Q

bump on inside of ankle off of the tibia

A

medial malleolus

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37
Q

smaller of the lower leg bone; articulates with tibia, does not articulate with femur

A

fibula

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38
Q

part of the fibula that fits into tibia

A

head of fibula

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39
Q

bump on outside of ankle on fibula

A

lateral malleolus

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40
Q

bone of the foot that articulates with the tibia

A

talus

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41
Q

also known as tarsus; irregular bones; help make up ankle joint

A

tarsals

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42
Q

ankle bones of tarsus

A

cuboid, navicular, lateral cuniform, intermediate cuniform, medial cuniform (big toe)

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43
Q

the widening part of the bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

A

metaphysis

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44
Q

tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue around bone

A

periosteum

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45
Q

cortical bone; wall of diaphysis composed of tightly packed tissue, contains no gaps, has lamellae

A

company bone

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46
Q

on the epiphyses, callcaneous bone that consists of many branching bony plates called trabeculae

A

spongy bone

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47
Q

within compact bone, a cylinder-shaped unit that function as pillars resisting compression; contains a central canal for blood vessels and nerves

A

osteon

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48
Q

building up bone cells

A

osteoblasts

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49
Q

develop from bases of hyaline cartilage chapter like future bony structures; most bones are these

A

endochondral bones

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50
Q

considered to be flat bones of the skull, clavicles, sternum, mandible, maxillae, and zygomatic bones

A

intramembranous bones

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51
Q

a break in the bone

A

bone fracture

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52
Q

break that does not fracture the skin

A

closed (simple) fracture

53
Q

broken bone penetrates through the skin

A

open (compound) fracture

54
Q

frays; had to repair, breaks like a green twig

A

greenstick

55
Q

refigure the bone the way nature wanted it to be

A

reduction

56
Q

sheet-like layers of embryonic connective tissue; gives rise to periosteum

A

mesenchyme

57
Q

bone cells; contained within bony chambers called lacunae

A

osteocytes

58
Q

creation of endochondral bones

A

endochondral ossification

59
Q

part of endochondral ossification; appears in the diaphysis

A

primary ossification center

60
Q

part of endochondral ossification; appears in the epiphyses

A

secondary ossification centers

61
Q

responsible for bone lengthening; remains between the primary and secondary ossification sites

A

epiphyseal plate

62
Q

bone-destroying cells; break down bone matrix for remodeling and release calcium from bone and put it into circulation

A

osteoclasts

63
Q

cycle where osteoclasts resorb (break down) bone and osteoblasts replace the bone

A

bone remodeling

64
Q

supports and protects organs of head, neck, and trunk

A

axial skeleton

65
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

8 (frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid)

66
Q

How many facial bones are there and what are they?

A

2 maxilla, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, vomer, 2 inferior nasal concha, mandible = 14

67
Q

A rounded process that usually articulates with another bone

A

Console

68
Q

A narrow, ridge like projection

A

Crest

69
Q

A projection situated above a condyle; usually facing towards sides

A

Epicondyle

70
Q

A small, nearly flat surface

A

Facet

71
Q

A cleft or groove

A

Fissure

72
Q

A soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones

A

Fontanels

73
Q

An opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments

A

For amen

74
Q

A relatively deep pit or depression

A

Fossa

75
Q

A tiny pit or depression

A

Fovea

76
Q

An enlargement on the end of a bone

A

Head

77
Q

A tubelike passageway within a bone

A

Meatus

78
Q

A prominent projection on a bone

A

Process

79
Q

A thorn like projection

A

Spine

80
Q

An interlocking unit between bones

A

Suture

81
Q

A relatively large process

A

Trochanter (femur)

82
Q

A small, knob like process

A

Tubercle

83
Q

A knoblike process usually larger than a tubercle

A

Tuberosity

84
Q

articulating bones fastened together by a thin layer of dense connective tissue containing many collagen fibers

A

fibrous joints

85
Q

joints that have no appreciable movement

A

synarthrotic joints

86
Q

bones bound by interosseous ligament; joints is flexible and may be twisted; has bones bound by long connective tissue; ex. tibia and fibula articulation

A

syndesmois

87
Q

flat bones are united by a thin layer of connective tissue and are interlocked by a set of bony processes; only of the skull; immovable

A

sutures

88
Q

a joint formed by the union of a cone-shaped bony process with a bony socket; tooth; synarthrotic joint

A

gomphosis

89
Q

articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

A

cartilaginous joints

90
Q

joints that are slightly movable

A

amphiarthrotic joints

91
Q

occurs where articular surfaces of the bones are united by hyaline cartilage that may and usually disappears as a result of bone growth; synarthrotic joint; joint between the first rib and the manubrium

A

synchondrosis

92
Q

articular surfaces of bones are covered by hyaline cartilage and the bones are connected by a pad of fibrocartilage; amphiarthrotic joint; ______ pubis

A

symphysis

93
Q

joints that are movable

A

diarthrotic

94
Q

articulating ends of bones surrounded by a joint capsule; articular bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage and separated by synovial fluid; diarthrotic

A

synovial joint

95
Q

covers articular ends of bones in a synovial joint resists wear and minimizes friction when it compresses as the joint moves

A

articular cartilage

96
Q

part of synovial joint; strengthened by ligaments and holds bones together; has two separate layers being the outer fibrous layer and the synovial membrane

A

joint capsule

97
Q

secretes synovial fluid and lines the inner layer of a joint capsule

A

synovial membrane

98
Q

it moistens, provides nutrients, and lubricates the articular surfaces

A

synovial fluid

99
Q

fluid-filled sacs that contain synovial fluid and most are located between the skin and underlying bony prominences; cushion and aid movements of tendons over body parts

A

bursae

100
Q

also known as a spheroidal joint; the globular head of a bone fits into the cup-shaped cavity of another bone; permits a wide variety of movements (multi axial)

A

ball and socket joint

101
Q

Where are ball and socket joints located?

A

hip and shoulder

102
Q

also known as the ellipsoidal joint; it consists of a ovoid condyle of one bone fitting into the elliptical cavity of another bone; it permits movement in two planes (biaxial)

A

condylar joint

103
Q

Where are condylar joints located?

A

Metacarpals and phalanges

104
Q

also known as gliding joints; articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved (non axial); slide back and forth

A

plane joints

105
Q

Where are plane joints located?

A

wrist and ankle bones

106
Q

convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface of another; uniaxial

A

hinge joint

107
Q

Where are hinge joints located?

A

elbow and joints of phalanges

108
Q

cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament; uniaxial and rotation

A

pivot joint

109
Q

Where is a pivot joint located?

A

Vertebrae & radius/ulna

110
Q

articulating surfaces have both concave and convex regions; surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of another; biaxial

A

saddle joint

111
Q

Where are saddle joints located?

A

between carpal and metacarpal of thumb

112
Q

bending parts of a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come closer together (bending the knee)

A

flexion

113
Q

moving parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move farther apart (straightening the knee)

A

extension

114
Q

movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin (rocking back on one’s heels)

A

dorsiflexion

115
Q

movement at the ankle that brings the foot farther from the shin (walking or standing on tipped-toes)

A

plantar flexion

116
Q

moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of body) or from the axial line of the limb (spreading the fingers or toes)

A

abduction

117
Q

moving a part towards the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body) or toward the axial line of the limb (moving the fingers or toes closer together)

A

adduction

118
Q

moving a part around an axis (twisting head from side to side)

A

rotation

119
Q

internal; the turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis so its anterior surface moves toward the midline

A

medial rotation

120
Q

external; turning of a limb on its longitudinal axis away from the midline

A

lateral rotation

121
Q

rotation of the forearm so the palm is upward or facing anteriorly (in anatomical position)

A

supination

122
Q

rotation of the forearm so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position)

A

pronation

123
Q

turning the foot so the plantar surface faces laterally

A

eversion

124
Q

turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially

A

inversion

125
Q

moving a part forward (thrusting the head forward)

A

protraction

126
Q

moving a part backwards (pulling the head backwards)

A

retraction

127
Q

raising a part (shrugging the shoulders)

A

elevation

128
Q

lowering a part (drooping the shoulders)

A

depression

ZOO 305 (7 decks)

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