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ZOO 305 > Chapter 1 General > Flashcards

Chapter 1 General Flashcards

1
Q

a part is above another part

A

superior, cranial, cephalic

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2
Q

a part is below another part

A

inferior

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3
Q

means toward the front

A

anterior, ventral

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4
Q

means toward the back

A

posterior, dorsal

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5
Q

refers to the imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves

A

medial

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6
Q

means towards the side, away from the midline

A

lateral

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7
Q

paired structures, one on each side (lungs)

A

bilateral

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8
Q

refers to structures on the same side (right lung and kidney)

A

ipsilateral

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9
Q

refers to structures on the opposite side

A

contralateral

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10
Q

describes a part closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part

A

proximal

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11
Q

opposite of proximal; a particular body part is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk

A

distal

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12
Q

means near the surface

A

superior

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13
Q

means more internal parts

A

deep

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14
Q

a lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions; a plane

A

sagittal

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15
Q

sagittal; divides the body into equal parts

A

midsagittal

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16
Q

sagittal; lateral to the midline

A

parasagittal

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17
Q

horizontal; a cat that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

A

transverse

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18
Q

coronal; a section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

frontal

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19
Q

region between the thorax and pelvis

A

abdominal, celiac

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20
Q

point of the shoulder

A

acromial

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21
Q

forearm

A

antebrachial

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22
Q

anterior surface of the elbow

A

antecubital

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23
Q

armpit

A

axillary

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24
Q

arm

A

brachial

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25
Q

cheek

A

buccal

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26
Q

head

A

cephalic, cranial

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27
Q

neck

A

cervical

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28
Q

ribs

A

costal, pectoral

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29
Q

hip

A

coxal, illiac

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30
Q

leg

A

crural

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31
Q

elbow

A

cubital

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32
Q

finger or toe

A

digital, digit

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33
Q

hand

A

manual

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34
Q

back of shoulder

A

deltoid

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35
Q

inferior posterior region of the head

A

occipital

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36
Q

back

A

dorsal; dorsum

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37
Q

thigh

A

femoral

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38
Q

forehead

A

frontal

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39
Q

external reproductive organs

A

genital, pubic

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40
Q

buttocks

A

gluteal

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41
Q

depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh

A

groin, inguinal

42
Q

region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis

A

lumbar

43
Q

breast

A

mammary

44
Q

chin

A

mental

45
Q

nose

A

nasal

46
Q

mouth

A

oral

47
Q

eye cavity

A

orbital

48
Q

ear

A

otic

49
Q

palm of the hand

A

palmar

50
Q

anterior part of the knee

A

patellar

51
Q

anterior chest

A

pectoral

52
Q

foot

A

pedal

53
Q

pelvis

A

pelvic

54
Q

the inferior-most region of the trunk between the thighs and the buttocks

A

perineal

55
Q

sole of the foot

A

plantar

56
Q

area posterior to the knee

A

popliteal

57
Q

posterior region between the hip bones

A

sacral

58
Q

middle of the thorax, anteriorly

A

sternal

59
Q

calf of the leg

A

sural

60
Q

ankle

A

tarsal

61
Q

navel

A

umbilical

62
Q

spinal column

A

vertebral

63
Q

shoulder blades

A

scapular

64
Q

side of head near ears

A

temporal

65
Q

3 movable regions of spine

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

66
Q

2 immovable regions of spine

A

sacral, coccygeal

67
Q

word for being on the spine

A

supine

68
Q

heel

A

calcaneal

69
Q

thumb

A

pollex

70
Q

big toe

A

hallux

71
Q

top of the head

A

parietal

72
Q

line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and fold back to cover the organs within these cavities

A

serous membranes

73
Q

cavities of the head

A

middle ear, oral, nasal, orbital

74
Q

membrane of the lungs

A

pleural

75
Q

membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneal

76
Q

membranes of the heart

A

pericardial

77
Q

viscera of the abdominal cavity

A

stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, and small and large intestines

78
Q

viscera of the pelvic cavity

A

terminal end of large intestine, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs

79
Q

viscera of the thoracic cavity

A

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus

80
Q

separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

diaphragm

81
Q

viscera within the mediastinum

A

heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus

82
Q

a change is not reversed but intensified, and the effector activity is initially increased rather than turned off

A

positive feedback

83
Q

self-regulating control systems

A

homeostatic mechanisms

84
Q

effectors are activated that can return conditions toward normal

A

negative feedback

85
Q

Requirements of Organisms

A

water, oxygen, heat, pressure, food

86
Q

the body’s ability to keep its internal conditions stable

A

homeostasis

87
Q

the water and dissolved substances outside of our cells

A

extracellular fluid

88
Q

tissue fluid

A

interstitial fluid

89
Q

liquid portion of the blood

A

plasma

90
Q

Characteristics of Life

A

movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion

91
Q

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands; protects tissues, regulates body temp, support sensory receptors

A

integumentary

92
Q

bones, ligaments, cartilages; provide framework

A

skeletal

93
Q

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs; detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands

A

nervous

94
Q

cause movements, maintain pressure, produce body heat

A

muscular

95
Q

glands that secrete hormones; control metabolic activities of body structures

A

endocrine

96
Q

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

A

move blood through blood vessels and transport substances throughout body

97
Q

return tissue fluid to the blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection; lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

A

lymphatic system

98
Q

mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines; receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate unabsorbed material

A

digestive

99
Q

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs; intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood

A

respiratory

100
Q

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra; removes wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and eliminate urine

A

urinary

101
Q

the acquisition and use of energy by an organism

A

metabolism

ZOO 305 (7 decks)

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