EXAM Ch. 4 Flashcards
a church ruling that excludes a person or region from participating in the sacraments
interdict
a practice in the medieval church whereby secular rulers chose the bishops for their territories thus usurping the right of the Pope to choose bishops
lay investiture
Latin word “to beg”; members of these religious orders take a vow of poverty and take on a willingness to beg or work for food
mendicant
encompasses the theological and philosophical system developed by major Catholic thinkers, notably St. Thomas Aquinas
scholasticism
a buying and selling of church offices/ church condemns this practice
simony
the teaching of the church that the substance of the bread and wine is changed into the substance of the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ at the consecration of the Mass
transubstantiation
passing on of church lands and benefits to children or relatives
nepotism
exemplified the papacy’s claim to temporal power when, in 1905, he called the First Crusade to help the beleaguered Eastern Empire and to rescue the Holy Land from the Muslims
Pope Urban II
considered the last father of the church, crusading reformer, brilliant organizer, eloquent speaker, and spiritual master of his day; apart of the Cistercians
St. Bernard Clairvaux
founded the Order of Friar Minors, popularly known as the Franciscans
St. Francis of Assisi
left her affluent family to found an order of religious women known as the Poor Clares
St. Clare of Assisi
a time of great achievement in the Middle Ages when the church and western society were one; larger territory when most people are Christian
Christendom
Which crusade did the Christians win?
first
After death, his sons and grandsons fought over the empire. Eventually it was broken into three and the empire fell apart.
Charlemagne
Describe the early universities.
- they grew out of the cathedral schools that were established by the bishops to train priests
- students entered at 14/15 years old, and took 6 years of liberal arts studies before entering a bachelor’s degree
