Chapter 6 EXAM Flashcards
a name associated with the Age of Reason following the Protestant Reformation where it was generally held that only human reason, separated from religious belief, can enlighten people
Enlightenment
Heretical theory launched by Joseph II in the eighteenth century that advocated the control of state in matters of religion, including the control over naming bishops
Josephinism
the term that described the efforts of the nineteenth century to attempt to reconcile Church teaching with the liberal ideas that emerged out of the French Revolution
Liberalism
A philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment that taught that only human reason, separated from religious belief, can bring people into the light
Rationalism
A belief from the Age of Enlightenment that taught that the only reality is what we can perceive with our five senses. these beliefs encouraged doubt about accepted beliefs and ridiculed religion, religious authority, and traditional Christian doctrines
Empiricism
A religious and political theory of the sixteenth century that asserted the independence of the French Church from the authority of the Pope
Gallicanism
a heretical belief of Cornelius, a bishop in Ypres France,that taught the utter depravity of human nature and that God’s grace extends only to few. It was an offshoot of Calvanism.
Jansenism
seventeenth century heresy inspired by a Spanish priest, Michael Molinos, that took a dim view of human nature, holding that humans are powerless and should not try to resist temptations since they are God’s will
Quietism
a word meaning “beyond the mountains”, it described supporters of the Pope in opposition of the nationalistic position of other French churchmen in the seventeenth century
Ultramontanes
these documents made some outrageous claims: first, that the Pope had no power in temporal matters; second, general councils were superior to the Pope in spiritual matters; third, the papacy must adapt its rulings to the French Church, fourth, the decrees of the Pope are only binding on the faithful when a general council agrees to them
Four Articles
resulted in the beheading of the King and Queen, and the execution of thousands of nobles, priests, nuns, and brothers
Reign of Terror
a skeptical outlook about everything and a stance toward religion as a private affair with little to offer to public life
secularism
a natural religion that developed in the Age of Enlightenment that embraced the belief that while God does exist and did create the world, he refrains from any kind of interference or direct participation in his creation
deism
