Exam #7 Terms (Clinical and Social Psychology) Flashcards
What is a psychological disorder?
A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
What is a medical model?
The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
What is epigenetics?
The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.
What is the DSM-5?
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.
What are anxiety disorders?
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
What is social anxiety disorder?
Intense fear and avoidance of social situations.
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
What is a panic disorder?
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack.
What is agoraphobia?
Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic.
What is a phobia?
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both.
What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.
What is major depressive disorder?
A disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.
What is bipolar disorder?
A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
What is mania?
A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.
What is rumination?
Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes.
What is schizophrenia?
A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.
What are psychotic disorders?
A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.
What are hallucinations?
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
What is a delusion?
A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.
What is chronic schizophrenia?
A form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.
What is acute schizophrenia?
A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event.
What is somatic symptom disorder?
A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.