Exam 7 Flashcards
According to the NRC, survey meters must be calibrated _________ and following any repairs?
a. semiannually (twice a year)
b. biannually (every other year)
c. yearly (once a year)
d. monthly (once a month)
c. yearly (once a year)
The difference between a direct and wipe check radiation survey is that?
a. there is no difference
b. one is qualitative and one is not
c. one is quantitative and one is not
d. one gives an instant reading and one does not
d. one gives an instant reading and one does not
An occupational worker has received 14,000 mrem of exposure to the eyes in 1 year on his/her dose dosimeter; which of the following course of action would be appropriate?
a. recommend eye chelation therapy
b. review ALARA standards to reduce exposure because they have exceeded their annual eye dose limit
c. review ALARA standards to reduce exposure because they are close to exceeding their annual dose limit
d. recommend they use leaded eyeglasses to reduce exposure
c. review ALARA standards to reduce exposure because they are close to exceeding their annual dose limit
A nuclear medicine department has an action level of 500 mrem per month whole-body exposure. If you were the NRC inspector, what would your recommendations to this site be?
a. nothing, everything is fine
b. need to reduce their action level to at least 450 mrem per month to be in compliance with annual possible levels of exposure
c. need to increase their action level to 5000 mrem per month
d. need to reduce their action level to at least 410 mrem per month to be compliant with annual possible levels of exposure
d. need to reduce their action level to at least 410 mrem per month to be compliant with annual possible levels of exposure
The allowed dose of ionizing radiation to a declared pregnant woman’s embryo/fetus is?
a. 10% of the standard occupational workers whole-body dose per year
b. 1% of the standard occupational workers whole-body dose per year
c. 10% of the standard yearly occupational dose for the gestation period
d. 1% of the standard yearly occupational dose for the gestation period
c. 10% of the standard yearly occupational dose for the gestation period
In doing a room survey you discover that a therapy patient’s room has removable contamination above acceptable levels. What is the acceptable level?
a. <200Bq/100cm squared
b. <200MBq/100cm squared
c. <12,000Bq/100cm squared
d. <3.33Bq/100cm squared
d. <3.33Bq/100cm squared
In calibrating your survey meter for your nuclear medicine department, you discover that it has a 12% error. What is your next course of action to remain in compliance with NRC regulations?
a. use the survey meter as you normally would
b. throw it away
c. replace the batteries
d. recommend that it be serviced
a. use the survey meter as you normally would
You suspect that a low-level beta emitter has been spilled on a countertop. Which of the following survey techniques would be best?
a. pancake probe G-M type meter
b. scintillation probe type meter
c. wipe check with a G-M type meter
d. wipe check with a SCA/MCA type meter
d. wipe check with a SCA/MCA type meter
An unrestricted nuclear medicine waiting room is on the other side of the wall from a hiot lab. G-M meter readings in the hot lab read 50mR/hr. What is the minimum number HVLs of Pb that are required in the wall to bring the waiting room reading down into compliance with NRC regulations?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
A G-M meter has a scale of 1-5mR/hr. If a deflection on the meter reads 4.5 and the meter is set on the x0.1 setting, what is the reading?
a. 40.5mR/hr
b. 4.5mR/hr
c. 0.45mR/hr
d. 0.045mR/hr
c. 0.45mR/hr
In operating a G-M meter on a daily basis, what is the first thing you should always do?
a. use a check source to make sure the meter is working correctly
b. check the batteries
c. insert the batteries
d. set it to the most sensitive scale/setting
b. check the batteries
Form X or NRC form 3 includes all of the following except?
a. the employer is not required to post any notices of violations of the regulations involving radiological working conditions
b. the worker is required to become familiar with the regulations and operating procedures for the worker engaged in
b. the worker and employer must abide by the state and federal regulations
d. the employer will make available to the worker a copy of all applicable state and federal regulations, license, and operating procedures pertaining to the work
a. the employer is not required to post any notices of violations of the regulations involving radiological working conditions
The triblade radiation symbol must be which of the following colors on a yellow background?
a. pink
b. purple
c. red
d. brown
b. purple
Which of the following radiation signs would be required if a survey meter reading were 40mR/hr at 60cm from a source in the room?
a. “Caution: Radioactive Material”
b. “Caution: Radiation Area”
c. “Caution: High Radiation Area”
d. “Grave Danger: Very High Radiation Area”
c. “Caution: High Radiation Area”
A DOT II radioactive label is on a package that reads 9mR/hr at 1 m. What is the appropriate action to take?
a. log in the package as you normally would
b. Contant the regional office of the NRC
c. inform the vendor that the wrong label was on the container
d. notify the DOT that a “shipment event” has occurred
c. inform the vendor that the wrong label was on the container
The average energy required to create an ion pair in air is?
a. 60eV
b. 30keV
c. 5eV
d. 34eV
d. 34eV
The ionization of the entire fixed volume of a gas due to secondary ionization is known as the?
a. townsend avalanche
b. geiger effect
c. proportional effect
d. internal amplification
b. geiger effect
How do the sizes of the pulses produced by the collection of ions in the proportional region compare to those produced by an instrument that operates in the ionization region of the gas curve for radiation detectors?
a. the pulses are larger
b. the pulses are smaller
c. the pulses are the same size
d. the pulses are in resonance
a. the pulses are larger
Gas amplification is a phenomenon associated with instruments that operate in the ______ region of the gas curve for radiation detectors?
a. recombination
b. ionization
c. proportional
d. continuous discharge
c. proportional
The output pulse-height of a gaseous detector is, in most cases, dependent upon what?
a. the numbers of ions produced in the gas
b. the quantity of radiation that passes through the gas
c. the volume of gas in the detector
d. the pressure of the gas in the tube
a. the numbers of ions produced in the gas
Which of the following is used for SPECT system performance?
a. high count flood
b. COR offset measurements
c. PLES phantom
d. Jaszczak phantom
d. Jaszczak phantom
Which of the following operations would help in improving the image contrast after display?
a. use a smoothing filter
b. use an edge enhancement filter
c. use windowing
d. use a formatter
c. use windowing
Which SPECT cardiac slice is used to generate a polar plot?
a. SA
b. HLA
c. VLA
d. transverse
a. SA
For the majority of studies, “cold” spots are areas on the image display that indiciates?
a. increased activity
b. mistuned PMTs
c. necrotic tissue
d. nonlinearity
c. necrotic tissue
Correction tables are used for?
a. COR correction
b. detector misalignment correction
c. uniformity correction
d. linearity correction
c. uniformity correction
Total combined energy of the two annihilation photons originating from an annihilation reaction is?
a. 500keV
b. 511keV
c. 1 MeV
d. 1.02MeV
b. 511keV
The path between the two detectors in PET is referred to as?
a. line of origin
b. line of action
c. line of response
d. line of flight
c. line of response
The chance detection of photons from unrelated annihilation events within the coincidence timing window is called?
a. true coincidence
b. scatter coincidence
c. random coincidence
d. prompt coincidence
c. random coincidence
A “blank scan” is performed in PET?
a. hourly
b. daily
c. weekly
d. with every patient study
b. daily
In nuclear medicine, “windowing” (choosing a linear scale with threshold) is used primarily for?
a. background subtraction
b. background normalization
c. image normalization
d. image reconstruction
b. background normalization
Which of the following is the correct method to calculate gall bladder ejection fraction?
a. (net min GB counts - net max GB counts) / net min GB counts all multiplied by 100
b. (net max GB counts - net min GB counts) / net min GB counts all multiplied by 100
c. (net max GB counts - net min GB counts) / net max GB counts all multiplied by 100
d. net max GB counts / (net max GB counts - net min GB counts) all multiplied by 100
c. (net max GB counts - net min GB counts) / net max GB counts all multiplied by 100
For SPECT acquisition, a reasonable choice for pixel size would be?
a. 3.12mm squared
b. 1/3 FWHM of detector resolution or smaller
c. equal to 3 FWHM
d. equal to 2 FWHM
a. 3.12mm squared
The star artifact during SPECT reconstruction can be reduced by?
a. increasing the time per projection
b. decreasing the time per projection
c. increasing the number of projections
d. decreasing the number of projections
c. increasing the number of projections
Which one of the following will not give information on left ventricular function?
a. gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography
b. gated tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging
c. ungated first-pass study
d. ungated myocardial SPECT
d. ungated myocardial SPECT
When performing a thyroid uptake, the nonthyroidal body background measurement is obtained over the?
a. stomach
b. skull
c. thigh
d. lumbar spine
c. thigh
To prepare a patient for a thyroid uptake, the technologist performs a baseline thyroid count and measures radioactivity in the neck that is twice background counts. Which of the actions listed below is the most appropriate for the technologist to follow?
a. cancel the exam: this is a contraindication for ever performing it in this patient
b. administer I131 sodium iodide instead on I123 sodium iodide for the uptake
c. subtract the baseline counts from the thyroid counts collected at a later time
d. calculate a thyroid uptake using only the baseline counts
c. subtract the baseline counts from the thyroid counts collected at a later time
The therapeutic effectiveness of I131 in treating hyperthyroidism results from the delivery of energy to thyroid tissue from?
a. alpha particles
b. beta particles
c. gamma rays
d. x rays
b. beta particles
Fever, dehydration, and slightly elevated white cell count are all symptoms of?
a. nontoxic goiter
b. hyperthyroidism
c. hypothyroidism
d. benign thyroid goiter
b. hyperthyroidism