Exam 6: underlined (must know) info Flashcards
muscul/o; my/o; myos/o
muscles
fasci/o; fibr/o
fascia; fibrous tissue
ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o
tendons
myocardial muscle
(pertaining to the muscle of the heart)
- forms muscular walls of the heart
- provides constant contraction and relaxation causing the heartbeat
- involuntary
long muscles prioritize…
movement
thick muscles prioritize…
strength
types of paralysis
- hemiplegia
- hemiparesis
- myoparesis
paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
plegia
paralysis
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
hemiparesis
weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting one side of the body
muscle tone
state of balanced muscle tension allowing normal posture/movement (resting muscle tone in muscle fibers, muscle tone from CNS)
atonic
(pertaining to without tone)
- lacking normal muscle tone
dystonia
(condition bad tone)
- impairment of voluntary muscle movement
hypotonia
(condition deficient tone)
- diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
hypertonia
(condition excessive tone)
- increased tone of the skeletal muscles
spasm
sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles
myoclonus
(muscle violent action)
- involuntary jerking of muscles (consistent spasms)
bradykinesia
(condition slow movement)
- extreme slowness in movement
dyskinesia
(bad)
- impairment of voluntary movement
hyperkinesia
(excessive)
- abnormal increased muscle function or activity
dysarthria
abnormal use of muscles for speech and eating
ataxia
(coordination without)
- lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body
quadriplegia (tetraplegia)
(paralysis four)
- paralysis of all four extremities
irritability
the ability of the muscle to respond to a stimulus, either internal or external
contraction
tightening of a muscle causing it to become shorter and thicker
relaxation
returning to original form, muscle becomes longer and thinner
contracture
- permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin
- elastic connective tissues get replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues
4 main types of MD
- duchenne
- becker
- facioscapulohumeral
- limb-girdle
myofascial
(pertaining to muscle fascia)
fasciitis
(inflammation fascia)
- inflammation of fascia
fibromyalgia
(pain fibrous tissue muscle)
- chronic
- characterized by fatigue and pain
adhesion
band of fibrous tissue holding structures together abnormally
atrophy
weakness/ wearing away of body tissues and structures
myalgia
(pain muscle)
tenderness or pain in the muscles
tenosynovitis
(inflammation tendon synovial membrane)
- inflammation of sheath surrounding a tendon
tendinitis (tendonitis)
(inflammation tendon)
- inflammation of tendons due to overuse
impingement syndrome
inflammation and swelling of tendons in space between bones within the shoulder joint
rotator cuff tendinitis
inflammation of tendons in rotator cuff
ruptured rotator cuff
tendon weakens and tears due to the lack of treatment or continued overuse
medial epicondylitis
- golfer’s elbow
- pain at the medial epicondyle of the elbow
- pain usually starts at the medial epicondyle and may spread down the forearm
- decreased strength with grasp
- flexor
lateral epicondylitis
- tennis elbow
- pain at the lateral epicondyle of the elbow
- pain usually starts at the lateral epicondyle and may spread down the forearm
- decreased strength with grasp
- extensor
epicondylitis
(inflammation on condyle (round prominence at end of a bone))
- inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow
plantar fasciitis
- inflammation of plantar fascia on sole of foot
- causes foot or heel pain when walking or running
sprain
injury to a joint usually due to wrenching or tearing of a ligament
shin splint
injury when a muscle tears away from the tibia
strain
injury due to overuse involving stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon attachment
