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Clinical Conditions > Exam 12: Postnatal Disabilities > Flashcards

Exam 12: Postnatal Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

postnatal disabilities

A
  • occur from birth to 3 years
  • infections
  • trauma
    • shaken baby syndrome
    • anoxia due to near drowning
  • toxins/ pollutants
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2
Q

developmental delay

A
  • descriptor, not a true diagnosis
  • focuses on “what” but not “why”
  • can be “global” or “focal”
  • focus is on timing
  • children can outgrow
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3
Q

transient delay

A

infant catches up within the year

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4
Q

developmental disability

A
  • generic term (umbrella)
  • limitation in function
  • chronic
  • manifested before age 22
  • group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas
  • 1/6 children in U.S. have 1+ developmental disabilities or delays
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5
Q

developmental delay vs. disability

A

** NOT equivalent terms
- some children can outgrow a developmental delay
- others have a lifelong chronic disability

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6
Q

causes of developmental disability/ delay

A
  • most unknown
  • genetic
  • intellectual
  • physical: motor, sensory
  • language
  • environment
  • other
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7
Q

skill areas (6)

A
  • gross motor
  • fine motor
  • oral motor
  • cognitive-language
  • language
  • personal-social
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8
Q

gross motor

A

large muscle movements & locomotion

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9
Q

fine motor

A

small muscle movements and prehension/ manipulation

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10
Q

oral motor

A

movements of the mouth, jaw, and tongue includes feeding

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11
Q

cognitive-motor

A

cognitive: ability to learn and solve problems

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12
Q

language

A

ability to use and understand and communicate

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13
Q

personal-social

A

child’s ability to interact with others, including helping themselves and self-control

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14
Q

failure to thrive feeding disorders

A
  • common in premature babies
  • may have difficulty with oral motor skills for feeding
  • may have aversions to different textures
  • may cough and choke when fed
  • can occur without other difficulties (cognitive impairments)
  • many genetic disorders impact feeding
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15
Q

intellectual disability

A

characterized by significant limitations in both: intellectual functioning & adaptive behavior as expressed in:
- conceptual
- social
- practical adaptive skills
this disability originates before age 18
- chronological age
- mental age
characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning w/ 2+ skill areas
- occupations

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16
Q

intellectual functioning

A
  • general mental capability of an individual
  • reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, learn quickly
  • IQ score
  • intellectual deficit being at 2+ standard deviations from the mean
17
Q

adaptive behavior

A
  • the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that people have learned so they can function in their everyday lives
  • a child’s functioning is compared with the typical developmental level for the child’s chronological age
18
Q

incidence/ prevalence of intellectual disabilities

A
  • 1-3% in U.S.
  • boys 1.5 likely than girls
19
Q

signs and symptoms of intellectual disability

A
  • ID often occurs with other diagnoses
  • mental illness among those with ID range from 10-20% or 40-70%
  • personality disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders
  • learning is difficult
  • generalization is difficult
  • adaptive skill development
20
Q

specific learning disorders

A
  • impairment in reading (dyslexia)
  • impairment in mathematics (dyscalculia)
  • impairment in written expression (dysgraphia)
    • mild, moderate, severe
21
Q

reading disorder

A
  • reading achievement is substantially below expected for chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education
  • disturbance significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADLs requiring reading skills
22
Q

mathematics disorder

A
  • mathematical ability is substantially below expected for chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education
  • disturbance significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADLs requiring mathematical ability
23
Q

disorder of written expression

A
  • writing skills are substantially below expected for chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education
  • disturbance significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADLs requiring composition of written texts
24
Q

dyslexia signs & symptoms

A
  • seeing some letters as backwards or upside down
  • seeing text as appearing to be jumping around on page
  • not being able to tell the difference between some letters that already look similar
  • letters might appear close together or spaced apart
  • some word appear backwards
  • words and letters look fine by the person by get a severe headache or feel sick to stomach when trying to read
25
Q

possible etiology of dyslexia

A
  • broca’s area
  • wernicke’s area
26
Q

dyscalculia signs & symptoms

A
  • arithmetic difficulties
  • problems giving the correct money/ receiving change
  • difficulty understanding which number is larger/ rounding (intuitive sense)
  • having to count small amounts of something to understand how much there is
  • phone numbers, dates, times
27
Q

info on dyscalculia

A
  • found in people from all backgrounds, cultures, and levels of ID
  • about 40% of people w/ dyslexia also have dyscalculia
  • less in the parietal lobe of the brain have been found to contribute to the problem (wernicke’s)
28
Q

dysgraphia

A
  • learning disability resulting from difficulty expressing thoughts in writing and graphing
  • generally refers to extremely poor handwriting
  • causes writing fatigue
  • interferes with communication of ideas in writing
  • results in unfinished letters and letter inconsistencies
  • contributes to difficulties in using writing as a communication tool
  • results in irregular letter sizes and shapes, mix of upper/ lowercase letters, or print/ cursive letters
29
Q

dysnomia

A
  • word finding problem
  • always ask you to repeat what you said to they have extra time to process and to produce an answer

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