Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

clinical conditions > Exam 12: Postnatal Disabilities > Flashcards

Exam 12: Postnatal Disabilities Flashcards

1
Q

postnatal disabilities

A
  • occur from birth to 3 years
  • infections
  • trauma
    • shaken baby syndrome
    • anoxia due to near drowning
  • toxins/ pollutants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

developmental delay

A
  • descriptor, not a true diagnosis
  • focuses on “what” but not “why”
  • can be “global” or “focal”
  • focus is on timing
  • children can outgrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

transient delay

A

infant catches up within the year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

developmental disability

A
  • generic term (umbrella)
  • limitation in function
  • chronic
  • manifested before age 22
  • group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas
  • 1/6 children in U.S. have 1+ developmental disabilities or delays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

developmental delay vs. disability

A

** NOT equivalent terms
- some children can outgrow a developmental delay
- others have a lifelong chronic disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

causes of developmental disability/ delay

A
  • most unknown
  • genetic
  • intellectual
  • physical: motor, sensory
  • language
  • environment
  • other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

skill areas (6)

A
  • gross motor
  • fine motor
  • oral motor
  • cognitive-language
  • language
  • personal-social
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gross motor

A

large muscle movements & locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fine motor

A

small muscle movements and prehension/ manipulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

oral motor

A

movements of the mouth, jaw, and tongue includes feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cognitive-motor

A

cognitive: ability to learn and solve problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

language

A

ability to use and understand and communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

personal-social

A

child’s ability to interact with others, including helping themselves and self-control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

failure to thrive feeding disorders

A
  • common in premature babies
  • may have difficulty with oral motor skills for feeding
  • may have aversions to different textures
  • may cough and choke when fed
  • can occur without other difficulties (cognitive impairments)
  • many genetic disorders impact feeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

intellectual disability

A

characterized by significant limitations in both: intellectual functioning & adaptive behavior as expressed in:
- conceptual
- social
- practical adaptive skills
this disability originates before age 18
- chronological age
- mental age
characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning w/ 2+ skill areas
- occupations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intellectual functioning

A
  • general mental capability of an individual
  • reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, learn quickly
  • IQ score
  • intellectual deficit being at 2+ standard deviations from the mean
17
Q

adaptive behavior

A
  • the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that people have learned so they can function in their everyday lives
  • a child’s functioning is compared with the typical developmental level for the child’s chronological age
18
Q

incidence/ prevalence of intellectual disabilities

A
  • 1-3% in U.S.
  • boys 1.5 likely than girls
19
Q

signs and symptoms of intellectual disability

A
  • ID often occurs with other diagnoses
  • mental illness among those with ID range from 10-20% or 40-70%
  • personality disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders
  • learning is difficult
  • generalization is difficult
  • adaptive skill development
20
Q

specific learning disorders

A
  • impairment in reading (dyslexia)
  • impairment in mathematics (dyscalculia)
  • impairment in written expression (dysgraphia)
    • mild, moderate, severe
21
Q

reading disorder

A
  • reading achievement is substantially below expected for chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education
  • disturbance significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADLs requiring reading skills
22
Q

mathematics disorder

A
  • mathematical ability is substantially below expected for chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education
  • disturbance significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADLs requiring mathematical ability
23
Q

disorder of written expression

A
  • writing skills are substantially below expected for chronological age, measured intelligence, and age appropriate education
  • disturbance significantly interferes with academic achievement or ADLs requiring composition of written texts
24
Q

dyslexia signs & symptoms

A
  • seeing some letters as backwards or upside down
  • seeing text as appearing to be jumping around on page
  • not being able to tell the difference between some letters that already look similar
  • letters might appear close together or spaced apart
  • some word appear backwards
  • words and letters look fine by the person by get a severe headache or feel sick to stomach when trying to read
25
Q

possible etiology of dyslexia

A
  • broca’s area
  • wernicke’s area
26
Q

dyscalculia signs & symptoms

A
  • arithmetic difficulties
  • problems giving the correct money/ receiving change
  • difficulty understanding which number is larger/ rounding (intuitive sense)
  • having to count small amounts of something to understand how much there is
  • phone numbers, dates, times
27
Q

info on dyscalculia

A
  • found in people from all backgrounds, cultures, and levels of ID
  • about 40% of people w/ dyslexia also have dyscalculia
  • less in the parietal lobe of the brain have been found to contribute to the problem (wernicke’s)
28
Q

dysgraphia

A
  • learning disability resulting from difficulty expressing thoughts in writing and graphing
  • generally refers to extremely poor handwriting
  • causes writing fatigue
  • interferes with communication of ideas in writing
  • results in unfinished letters and letter inconsistencies
  • contributes to difficulties in using writing as a communication tool
  • results in irregular letter sizes and shapes, mix of upper/ lowercase letters, or print/ cursive letters
29
Q

dysnomia

A
  • word finding problem
  • always ask you to repeat what you said to they have extra time to process and to produce an answer

clinical conditions (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions