Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Exam 6 practice > Flashcards

Exam 6 practice Flashcards

1
Q

The brain belongs to what division of the nervous system?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the largest region of the brain responsible for the higher functions such as thinking, vision, and hearing?

A

The cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structures protect the brain?

A

Cranial bones, meinges, cerebrospinal fluid, BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the innermost layer of cranial meninges adhering to the brain surface?

A

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What layer of cranial meninges made of delicate areolar connective tissue follows the contours of the brain and provides a scaffolding or passageway for blood vessel penetration?

A

The pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the middle layer of cranial meninges made of collagen and elastic fibers?

A

Arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The circulating CSF is contained between which cranial meninges around the brain?

A

The arachnoid mater and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What space contains the CSF?

A

The subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the outermost tough layer of cranial meninges made of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

The dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the deeper layer of cranial dura mater?

A

The meninges layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most superficial layer of cranial dura mater adjacent to the periosteum on the internal surfaces of the cranial bones?

A

The periosteal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the layer of the cranial meninges that contains venous sinuses?

A

The dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the layer of the cranial meninges that allows the drainage of the CSF into the rural venous sinuses?

A

The arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What contains the old blood that drains from the brain?

A

The dura venous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What ventricle is a pair of ventricles found in each of the hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

The lateral ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the medial partition that separates the right and left lateral ventricles?

A

The septum pellucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What ventricle is a narrow space in the diencephalon?

A

The third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What ventricle is a space between the pons and cerebellum?

A

Fourth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the channel that connects each lateral ventricle to the third ventricle?

A

Interventricular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the channel that connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

A

The cerebral or midbrain aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What ventricle merges with the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

The fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In comparison to blood plasma, CSF has…

A

More sodium and less potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The CSF is produced in the

A

Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the structures that produce the CSF

A

Choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the neuroglial cells involved in the production of the CSF?

A

Ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the neuroglial cells that form the BBB?

A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What matter of the brain is made of cell bodies of neurons, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons?

A

The grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In the cerebral cortex the cortex is the…

A

Superficial layer of gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The cerebral cortex of the brain and the clusters of cell bodies of neurons called nuclei are made of

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The clusters of neuronal cell bodies found deep within the brain are known as

A

The nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are known as

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What matter of the brain is composed of myelinated axons organized in bundles known as tracts?

A

The white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What matter can be compared to the central processing unit within a computer?

A

The grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What matter can be thought of as wires connecting various components of the nervous system?

A

The white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the structure that separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

The longitudinal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is a white matter tract that connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum, allowing communication between the two?

A

The corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the structure that separates the temporal and frontal lobes?

A

The lateral sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the structure that separates the parietal and frontal lobes?

A

The central sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum contains areas for motor control including speech generation, odor identification, reasoning, personality, judgment, understanding of consequences, and learning complicated concepts?

A

The frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum receives sensory information, such as touch, temperature, pain, and itch, and associates this sensory information with other information, enabling you to identify a previously encountered item, such as your favorite fruit, entirely by touch?

A

The parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum processes visual information, including giving meaning to images, which allows you to recognize your shoes solely by looking at them?

A

The occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum located deep within the lateral sulcus is known to process taste, smell, sound, visceral and body surface sensations, and emotions such as empathy?

A

The insula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What lobe of the cerebrum receives and processes sound information, has areas for recognizing faces, and is the primary receptive area for smell?

A

The temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What language area is found in the left hemisphere of the frontal lobe and is known as the motor speech area because it controls muscles needed for vocalization?

A

The brocas language area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What language area is found in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere, near the lateral sulcus and the auditory cortex?

A

The wernick’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Damage to what language area result in a person experiencing problems when generating speech?

A

The broca’s language area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Damage to what language area results in a person having difficulty processing information regarding the comprehension of spoken and written language?

A

The wernick’s language area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is a vital structure for memory in the limbic system?

A

The hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What amnesia results in the inability to form new long term memories?

A

Anterograde amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Which form of amnesia results in forgetting old memories?

A

Retrograde amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Which form of amnesia results from the damage to the hippocampus?

A

Anterograde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Which structure of the limbic system regulates emotional states, specifically fear?

A

The amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What area of the limbic system process motor and cognitive information and are important in learning new motor skills?

A

The basal nuclei/ ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

The dopamine circuitry within what part of the limbic system is disturbed in Parkinson’s disease, in which patients suffer from cognitive and motor impairments, most notably a resting tremor and difficulty speaking?

A

The basal nuclei/ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What part of the diencephalon that functions to sort and relay sensory information that passes into he brain (except olfactory information) and mediates motor activity from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and structures of the brainstem?

A

The thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What part of the diencephalon that controls the autonomic nervous system, regulates responses to emotional states, controls sleep. Wake cycles and the endocrine system, and regulates homeostasis such as body temperature, hunger and satiety, and water balance and thirst?

A

They hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What part of the diencephalon connected to the pituitary gland?

A

They hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What part of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland?

A

The Epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates day night cycles known as circadian rhythms?

A

The pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

The cerebellum is situated where on the brain stem?

A

The posterior surface of the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What structure separates the cerebellar hemispheres along the midline?

A

The fall cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the white matter structures that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem?

A

The cerebellar peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called?

A

The arbor vitae

63
Q

What are the parallel folds on the surface of the cerebellar cortex are called?

A

Folia

64
Q

Descending input from the cerebrum enters through the large white matter structure called?

A

The pons

65
Q

Ascending input from the periphery and spinal cord enters through the fibers of what?

A

The inferior olive

66
Q

Output from the cerebellum goes to the ____, which sends a descending signal to the spinal cord.

A

The midbrain

67
Q

What part of the midbrain is made of the white matter corticospinal tracts connect the upper motor neurons of the primary motor cortex to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord?

A

The cerebral peduncles

68
Q

What part of the midbrain send the signals to move your upper body, head, and eyes in response to visual stimuli. This is especially important in reflexive tracking of moving objects?

A

The super colliculi

69
Q

What part of the midbrain send the signals to move your upper body, head, and eyes in response to auditory stimuli and will cause reflexive turning of the head in the direction of loud noises?

A

The inferior colliculi

70
Q

What region of the brainstem provides a structural and functional bridge between the left and right sides of the cerebellum, and between the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and other brain regions. It contributes to optimizing movements and controlling breathing.

A

The pons

71
Q

What region of the brainstem contains all the sensory and motor tracts that run between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain?

A

The medulla oblangata

72
Q

What region of the brainstem contains many nuclei that control reflexes such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting, and hiccupping, control centers for respiration, heart rate, the force of heart contraction, and blood vessel diameter?

A

The medulla region

73
Q

Where ar the nuclei for 2 pairs of cranial nerves, the oculomotor nerves, and trochlear nerves are found?

A

The midbrain

74
Q

The nuclei for 4 pairs of cranial nerves, the trigeminal, abducens, facial, and part of the vestibulocochlear nerves are found where?

A

The pons

75
Q

The nuclei for 5 pairs of cranial nerve, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves are found where?

A

The medulla

76
Q

Which region of the brain contains the reticular formation?

A

The brainstem

77
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits the sensory information about the smell?

A

The olfactory nerve

78
Q

Which cranial nerve moves most of the skeletal eye muscles, dilates and constricts the pupil, and produces the lens accommodation?

A

Oculomotor nerve

79
Q

Which cranial nerve moves the superior oblique skeletal eye muscles that depress and laterally rotate the eyeballs helping produce the downward gaze?

A

The trochlear

80
Q

Which cranial nerve moves the lateral rectus skeletal eye muscles helping produce the outward gaze?

A

Abducens

81
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits sensory information from the scalp, face, and mouth, and controls the muscles of chewing. This nerve can be oversstimulated during the brain freeze sensation from consuming cold drinks or food too quickly?

A

The facial nerve

82
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits the sensory information about the taste from the front of the tongue, and controls the muscle of facial expressions, as well as a secretion of tears, saliva, and mucus, for example, from eating spicy food or inhaling an irritant?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

83
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits the sensory information about the hearing and balance from the inner ear?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve

84
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the movements of the tongue during speech, food manipulation, and swallowing?

A

The hypoglossal nerve

85
Q

Which cranial nerve transmits the sensory information from internal organs such as the heart, lungs, digestive system, and blood vessels, produces a parasympathetic response, and controls the muscles of speech, vocalization, and coughing?

A

The vagus nerve

86
Q

Which cranial nerve controls the swallowing muscles, and the muscles of the neck and pectoral girdle that move the head?

A

The accessory nerve

87
Q

The nervous system develops from the embryonic layer called the..

A

Ectoderm

88
Q

The neural crest of the embryo will give rise to the…

A

Peripheral nervous system

89
Q

The neural tube of the embryo will develop into the

A

Central nervous system

90
Q

The CSF is produce where?

A

The ventricles

91
Q

The sense of smell is called the

A

Olfaction

92
Q

What kind of sense is olfaction?

A

A chemical sense

93
Q

Where are the olfactory eyesore neurons located in the nasal cavity?

A

The olfactory epithelium

94
Q

List the correct order of the structures in the olfactory pathway

A

Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory nerve
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Olfactory cortex

95
Q

The sense of taste is called

A

Gustation

96
Q

What kind of sense is gestation?

A

Chemical sense

97
Q

What are the bumpy structures on the tongue called?

A

Papillae

98
Q

Papillae contain smaller structures called

A

Taste buds

99
Q

What are the sensory receptors that detect tastant molecules?

A

Gustatory cells

100
Q

What cells contain taste receptors?

A

Gustatory cells

101
Q

What are the 5 known primary tastes?

A

Sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

102
Q

What taste detects the presence of sodium ions?

A

Salty

103
Q

What taste detects the presence of acidic hydrogen ions?

A

Sour

104
Q

What taste detects the presence of glucose?

A

Sweet

105
Q

What taste detects the presence of the amino acid L-glutamate?

A

Umami

106
Q

Which nerve connects to taste buds in the anterior third of the tongue?

A

The facial nerve

107
Q

Which nerve connects to tast buds in the posterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

108
Q

Which nerve connects to the epiglottis and the taste buds in the extreme posterior of the tongue, verging on the pharynx, which is more sensitive to noxious stimuli suc as bitterness. This nerve is dedicated to the gag reflex?

A

The vagus nerve

109
Q

Which structures protect the eye against the external environment?

A

Eyelids (palpebrae), eyebrow, eyelashes, lacrimal apparatus, palpebral conjunctiva

110
Q

What structures help to protect the eye from abrasions by blocking particles such as dust or sand, which may land on the surface of the eye and damage it?

A

Eyelids and eyelashes

111
Q

What structure is a thin mucous membrane on the inner surface of each eyelid that extends over the white areas of the eye, connecting the eyelid to the eyeball?ca

A

Conjunctive

112
Q

Which structure is a pink fleshy tissue structure in the medical can thus of each eye?

A

Caruncle

113
Q

What is another name for eyelid?

A

Palpebrae

114
Q

Each corner of the eye is referred to as the

A

Canthus

115
Q

What is located on the superior and lateral edge of the orbital complex that produce tears?

A

Lacrimal glands

116
Q

What are the small openings located in the medial canthus of each eye that help the excess tears to drain into the nasal cavity?

A

Lacrimal ducts

117
Q

What are the small channels which drain tears from the medial canthus into the lacrimal sac?

A

Lacrimal punctum

118
Q

What are the canals that drain tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity?

A

The lacrimal canaliculus

119
Q

Which muscle contracts and the rotates to look up?

A

Superior rectus

120
Q

Which muscle contracts and the eye rotates to look down?

A

Inferior rectus

121
Q

Which muscle contracts and the right eye looks right (towards the ear)?

A

The lateral rectus

122
Q

Which muscle contracts and the right eye looks left (towards the nose)?

A

Medial rectus

123
Q

Which muscle originates at the posterior of the orbital socket, near the origin of the 4 rectus muscles?

A

The superior oblique muscle

124
Q

The tendon of what muscles threads through a sling like piece of cartilage known as the trochlea?

A

The superior oblique

125
Q

The tendon of the superior oblique muscle inserts at an angle into which surface of the eyeball?

A

Superior surface of the eyeball

126
Q

The inferior oblique muscle originates from which part of the orbit and inserts into the inferolateral surface of the eye?

A

The floor of the orbit

127
Q

When which muscle contracts, it elevates and retracts the upper eyelid to hep you open your eyes?

A

Lavatory palpebrae superioris

128
Q

When which muscle contracts, it closes the upper eyelid when blinking the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

129
Q

The outermost layer of the eye is the___, which includes the white sclera and clear cornea

A

Fibrous tunic

130
Q

What is the middle layer of the eye and is mostly composed of the choroid, ciliary body and iris?

A

The vascular tunic

131
Q

What is the innermost layer of the eye also known as the retina?

A

Neural tunic

132
Q

Which structure accounts for five sixths of the surface of the eye, most of which is not visible, but you can see it as the white of the eye?

A

The sclera

133
Q

Which structure is a transparent dome shaped structure that covers the anterior tip of the eye and allows light to enter the eye?

A

Cornea

134
Q

Which structure is a layer of highly vascularized connective tissue that encompasses the posterior of the eyeball and supplies blood to the eyeball?

A

Choroid

135
Q

Which structure is a circular muscular structure attached to the lens around its circumference thus holding it in place and shaping it?

A

The ciliary body

136
Q

Which structure is made of the smooth muscle fibers can Ben and reshape the lens, which allows for udjustment and focusing light on the back of the eye when we look near or far?

A

Zonule fibers

137
Q

What is the visible colored part of the eye that gives you your eye color?

A

Iris

138
Q

What is a network of smooth muscle that adjusts the amount of light entering the eye by changing the size of the pupil?

A

Iris

139
Q

What is the hole in the center of the eye that allows light to enter into the eye and reach the posterior of the eye?

A

Pupil

140
Q

What does the pupil do in response to light?

A

Constricts

141
Q

What does the pupil do in response to dim light?

A

Dilates

142
Q

What is the structure in the back of the eyeball containing the nervous tissue responsible for photoreception?

A

The retina

143
Q

What forms the border between the anterior and posterior cavities of the eyeball?

A

The lens

144
Q

Which chamber of the eye is located between the cornea and the lens?

A

Anterior chamber

145
Q

The anterior Chamber of the eye has a clear, watery fluid called?

A

Aqueous humor

146
Q

Which chamber of the eye consists of the entire inner portion of the eye behind the lens?

A

The posterior chamber

147
Q

What is the thick, jelly like substance in the posterior chamber called?

A

Vitreous humor

148
Q

List the correct order of structures in the eye that refract light before it reaches the retina

A

Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous humor

149
Q

Which photoreceptor cells detect colors and give us detailed central vision?

A

Cones

150
Q

Which photoreceptor cells detect light and dark and give us peripheral vision?

A

Rods

151
Q

The outermost layer of the retina consists of which cells that detect light?

A

Photoreceptor cells

152
Q

The middle layer of the retina consists of which cells?

A

Bipolar cells

153
Q

The innermost layer consists of which cells that axons travel towards the optic disc where they converge to form the optic nerve?

A

Ganglion cells

154
Q
A

A&P (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions