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A&P > Exam 1 practice > Flashcards

Exam 1 practice Flashcards

1
Q

Study of tissues at microscopic level

A

Histology

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2
Q

The ability of living things to maintain their internal environment as the external or internal environments change is called

A

Regulation

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3
Q

Digestion of food is an example of which property of life

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

What combines to make molecules that are organized into cells

A

Atoms

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5
Q

2 or more organs work closely together to perform the functions of

A

A body system

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6
Q

Which level of structural hierarchy does the urinary bladder atom belong to

A

Organ

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7
Q

What system allows for the movement of the body and body parts and the substances around the body such as food through the digestive tract and blood throughout the body?

A

Muscular

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8
Q

The tailbone region is called

A

Coccygeal

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9
Q

What plane divides the body or a body part into front and back?

A

Frontal

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10
Q

In an anatomical position, what way are palms facing?

A

Forward

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11
Q

The ventral side of the human body is

A

Anterior

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12
Q

The heart is what to the skin?

A

Deep

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13
Q

What cavity contains the brain?

A

Cranial

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14
Q

A serous membrane around the lungs is called..

A

Pleura

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15
Q

Homeostasis is the condition where the body maintains:

A

Relatively stabile internal environment, within limits

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16
Q

The feedback system

A

-Stimulus ex: body temp goes up
-Sensor ex: nerve cells in skin and brain
-Control ex: temperature regulatory center in brain
-Effector ex: sweat glands throughout body

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17
Q

A subatomic particle with a negative change is called

A

An electron

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18
Q

How many electrons are shared in 1 covalent bond

A

2

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19
Q

What form of energy is used to move the body and substances within the body?

A

Kinetic

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20
Q

What substances repel water and will not dissolve in water?

A

Hydrophobic

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21
Q

A base is a substance that..

A

Takes up hydrogen ions already present in a solution

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22
Q

These organic macromolecules constitute 18-25% of a human body by mass. They are used as the sources of concentrated energy and as building blocks, they are mostly hydrophobic

A

Lipids

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23
Q

What carbohydrates is NOT a polysaccharide

A

Glucose

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24
Q

Although most body cells can break down other organic compounds for fuel, all body cells use..

A

Glucose

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25
Q

Molecules that have both polar and nonpolar parts are called

A

Amphipathic

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26
Q

Collagen in the skin and bones is an example of what

A

A structural protein

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27
Q

What molecule is a double stranded helix

A

DNA

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28
Q

The space and fluids inside the cells are called

A

Intracellular space and fluids

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29
Q

What molecules create a bilayer called plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipid

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30
Q

Ion channels, receptors and glycoproteins are classified as

A

Integral proteins

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31
Q

Passive transport..

A

Does not require the help of cellular energy

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32
Q

In hyponatremia, a persons blood plasma becomes

A

Too hypotonic

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33
Q

Because cells use and store glucose for energy, glucose is typically..

A

At a higher concentration inside of the cell than outside

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34
Q

Which component of the cytoplasm provides structural support for cells, allowing for cell movement, reproduction, and moving substances within the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

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35
Q

Which non-membranous organelles recycle damaged or faulty proteins by prteolysis?

A

Proteasomes

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36
Q

Centrosomes assist with the separation of DNA during cell division. Which filaments are centrosomes made of?

A

Microtubules

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37
Q

Which human cells eject their nucleus when they mature?

A

Red blood cells

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38
Q

How many DNA molecules are built after replication of one chromosome?

A

2

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39
Q

WHAT DOES THE PHRASE GENE EXPRESSION MEAN?

A

A cell is producing a protein

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40
Q

What is the period of the cell cycle when the cell divides?

A

Mitosis

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41
Q

During which phase of mitosis to the mitotic spindle microtubules attach the the chromosomes

A

Prophase

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42
Q

Cephalic

A

Closer to the head

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43
Q

Retroperitoneal organs or located where to the peritoneum

A

Posterior

44
Q

What is the normal physiological value range of the body temperature in healthy adults?

A

98-99 F

45
Q

In the feedback system, what generates a response that brings homeostasis back in balance?

A

Effector

46
Q

What type of a chemical bond holds hydrogens and oxygen in a molecule of water

A

Covalent bond

47
Q

The chemical reactions that form bonds between small molecules to create larger ones are called

A

Anabolic reactions

48
Q

In what reaction does a water molecule disrupt a compound such as starch in rice, breaking its covalent bonds into smaller molecules such as clucose which can be utilitzed by our cells as fuel

A

Hydrolysis

49
Q

A polysaccharide that is the primary component of the cell wall of careen plants and is the component of plant food is

A

Cellulose

50
Q

Oils contain mainly

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

51
Q

Fats contain mainly

A

Saturated fatty acids

52
Q

Sodium ions diffuse into the cells through the

A

Ion channels

53
Q

Which filaments are present in skin which contributes to its ability to resist tension?

A

Intermediate filaments

54
Q

Which human cells contain more than one nucleus?

A

Muscle cells

55
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Ribosomes

56
Q

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes

A

Telophase

57
Q

To maintain a specific organization of molecules that form cellular structures, living things must perform chemical reactions collectively referred to as

A

Metabolism

58
Q

What type of a chemical bond holds sodium and chlorine in a molecule of table salt

A

Ionic bond

59
Q

The chemical reaction that form bonds between small molecules to create larger ones are called

A

Anabolic reactions

60
Q

A solitary proton of hydrogen is highly likely to be..

A

Reactive and participate in chemical reaction

61
Q

These organic macromolecules constitute 12-18% of a human body by mass. They are used as building blocks; but most importantly, these molecules such as enzymes, transporters and receptors act as cellular machinery to carry out an array of functions. Nearly all of these molecules have complex 3 dimensional structures

A

Proteins

62
Q

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

A

Monosaccharides

63
Q

Which egg contains more albumen protein in its denatured form?

A

A hard boiled egg

63
Q

Gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane down their concentration gradient via

A

Simple diffusion

64
Q

What filaments are a large component of muscle tissue?

A

Microfilament

65
Q

What is chromatin made of?

A

DNA and histones

66
Q

During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in the middle between 2 centrosomes

A

Metaphase

67
Q

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

A

Monosaccharides

68
Q

Gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane down their concentration gradient via

A

Simple diffusion

69
Q

During which phase of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in the middle between 2 centrosomes?

A

Metaphase

70
Q

Visceral layer of a serous membrane surrounds..

A

The organs

71
Q

Parietal layer of serous membrane lines

A

The walls of the cavities

72
Q

In the negative feedback system of temperature regulation, what is an effector?

A

Muscle

73
Q

What are the major elements of a human body?

A

Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, oxygen

74
Q

A tendency of water molecules to stick together due to hydrogen bonds between its molecules is called

A

Cohesion

75
Q

Triglycerides are made of

A

A glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids

76
Q

A 3 dimensional folding of a protein into a compact functional unit is referred to as its

A

Tertiary structure

77
Q

In nerve cells, the electrical gradient exists between the inside and outside of the cell. Which side is more negatively charged the inside or outside?

A

The inside is negatively charged relative to the outside

78
Q

What type of molecular materials is cytoskeleton composed of?

A

Fibrous proteins

79
Q

Which phase of the interphase is the first growth phase in the cycle where a cell grows and accumulates the building blocks of DNA, proteins and energy reserves to carry out DNA replication?

A

G1 phase

80
Q

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes form around each set of chromosomes?

A

Telophase

81
Q

Many organ systems work harmoniously together to perform the functions of

A

An independent organism

82
Q

Which cavity is located between the right and left lung?

A

Mediastinum

83
Q

Nonpolar compounds are hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

84
Q

Polar compounds are hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic

85
Q

Which type of chemical reaction joins monomers into polymers?

A

Dehydration synthesis

86
Q

Are triglycerides hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophobic

87
Q

A short chain of amino acids joined together is a sequence is called

A

A peptide

88
Q

Centrosomes assist with the separation of DNA during cell division. Which filaments are centrosomes made of?

A

Microtubules

89
Q

The process where the plasma membrane pinches in between two nuclei which splits the dividing cell into 2 daughter cells is

A

Cytokinesis

90
Q

Maxillary refers to what region

A

Upper jaw

91
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

92
Q

Retroberitoneal organs are located… to the peritoneum

A

Posterior

93
Q

Which type of a chemical reaction breaks up polymers into monomers

A

Hydrolysis

94
Q

Is glucose a polysaccharide

A

No it is a monosaccharide

95
Q

During which phase of interphase does the cell duplicate some organelles and synthesizes the proteins needed for mitosis?

A

G2 phase

96
Q

Catabolism

A

A breakdown of complex substances into the simpler components

97
Q

In a polar covalent compound, the electrons are distributed..

A

Unevenly between 2 atoms

98
Q

Genes are the sequences of …. Within a strand of DNA

A

Nitrogenous bases

99
Q

In the negative feedback system of temperature regulation, what is a stimulus?

A

Heat

100
Q

The ventral side of the human body is

A

Anterior

101
Q

These organic macromolecules constituted 2-3% of a human body mass. They are used as the sources of fast energy and as building blocks. The are made of a “watered carbon” skeleton with lots of hydroxyl groups.

A

Carbohydrates

102
Q

What occurs in long chains called amylose or branched chains called amylopectin, both are stored in plant based foods like rice, potatoes and wheat and are relatively easy to digest?

A

Starch

103
Q

Which Pentose monosaccharide is present in the nucleotides of DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

104
Q
A

A&P (9 decks)

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