Ch 1. Intro Flashcards
What is anatomy
The science of the structure and composition of the body
What is physiology
The chemistry, biochemistry and physics of of how the body functions
How does structure dictate function?
The form of a body part or structure is directly related to its finction
What imaging technique enables you to visualize internal structures in our bodies will allow you to see a broken bone?
X-ray
Macroscopic (gross) anatomy
Involves structures that can be seen without using an eye aid
Microscopic anatomy
Study of small structures of the body using magnification (cytology and histology)
Cytology
Study of cells
Histology
Stuffy of tissues
What are the properties of life
Organization, movement, metabolism, growth, differentiation, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction
Give example of metabolism
Digestion of food
Give example of responsiveness
Jumping from a sudden loud sound
Give example of movement
Contraction of intestines to move foot through GI tract
Give example of growth
Getting taller
Give example of differentiation
Stem cells turning into neurons
Give example of regulation
Sweating when it is hot outside
Give example of reproduction
Menstrual cycle
List all levels of hierarchy of structure in order from smallest to largest
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
List all body systems
Integumentary, skeletal, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, digestive, urinary, reproductive
Integumentary system
Hair, skin, nails
-encloses internal body structures
-site of many sensory receptors
Skeletal system
Cartilage, bones, joints
-supports the body
-enables movement (with muscular system)
Muscular system
Skeletal muscles, tendons
-enables movement (with skeletal system)
-helps maintain body temperature
Nervous system
Brain, spinal chord, peripheral nerves
-detects and processes sensory information
-activates bodily responses
Endocrine system
Pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries
-secretes hormones
-regulates bodily processes
Cardiovascular system
Heart, blood vessels
-delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
-equalizes temperature in the body
Lymphatic system
Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
-returns fluid to blood
-defends against pathogens
Respiratory system
Nasal passages, trachea, lungs
-removes carbon dioxide from the body
-delivers oxygen to blood
Digestive system
Stomach, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine
-processes food for use by the body
-removes wastes from undigested food
Urinary system
Kidneys, urinary bladder
-controls water balance in the body
-removes wastes from blood and excreted them
Reproductive system
Male:
Epididymis, tested
-produces sex hormones and gametes
-delivers gametes to female
Female:
Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
-produces sex hormones and gametes
-supports embryo/fetus till birth
-produces milk for infant
Dorsal Cavity
Posterior body cavity, houses the brain and spinal cord
Cranial cavity
Contains the brain
Vertebral cavity
Contains spinal cord
Ventral body cavity
Located anterior to the dorsal body cavity, includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Thoracic cavity
On superior side of diaphragm, houses the heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea
Pericardial cavity
Houses the heart and surrounding pericardial sac
Pleural cavity
Contains the lungs and the mediastinum
Diaphragm
The partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera
Abdominal cavity
The space bonded by the abdominal walls, diaphragm and pelvis
Pelvic cavity
The space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and pelvic girdle
Serous membranes
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction
Visceral
Organ
Parietal
Body cavity
Pleura
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs
Peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there
Serous fluid
A lubricating fluid produced by and between folds of serous membrane
