Exam 3 practice Flashcards
What will happen to the bones in response to a prolonged hospital stay, following limb immobilization in a cast?
Muscle attachment sites on bones and the walls of weight bearing bones will become thinner.
Which portion of the cranium is made up of fused cranial bones that surround and protect the brain and house the middle and inner ear structures?
The cranial vault (skullcap)
Which cranial bone forms rounded brow ridges? These are located just behind your eyebrows and vary in size among individuals, although they are generally larger in males/
Frontal
Which cranial bone joins with the zygomatic bone to form a zygomatic arch?
Temporal
What are the bony plates that curve downward as they project into the space of the nasal cavity and serve to swirl the incoming air, which helps to warm and moisturize it before the air moves into the delicate air sacs of the lungs?
Nasal conchae
What creates a bridge like structure that connects the temporal bone with the zygomatic bone forming the zygomatic arch. This bone marking is a part of the temporal bone.
Zygomatic process
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the vertebral column
12
Which disorder of the vertebral column curvature abnormality causes a humpback in the thoracic vertebrae?
Kyphosis
Which ligament runs down the anterior side of the entire vertebral column, uniting the vertebral bodies and serves to resist excess backward bending 9extension). Of the vertebral column?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Which vertebrae have the spinous process which is long and has a pronounced downward angle that causes it to overlap the next inferior vertebra?
Thoracic
What is a pair of notches located on the superior lateral sides of the sternal Manubrium, for articulation with the collar bone?
Clavicular notch
Which bone of the pectoral girdle has a triangular shape?
Scapula
Which region of the clavicle is supported by the costoclavicular ligament, which spans this end of the clavicle and the underlying first rib?
The medial end
What is a shallow depression on the distal end of the radius that articulates with the head of the ulna, which together forms the distal radioulnar joint?
Ulnar notch
What forms the anterior part of each hip bone?
Pubis
How many tarsal bones make up the hind foot (ankle) region of the foot?
7
What kind of joints are most fibrous joints classified as?
Synarthrosis
What type of joint is the interosseous membrane (syndesmosis) that joins the shafts of forearm bones classified as?
Fibrous joint
Which joints only allow for a motion in a single plane (around a single axis)?
Uniaxial joints
Which structure of the shoulder joint helps to prevent friction between the rotator cuff muscle tendons and the scapula as these tendons cross the Glenohumeral joint?
Subacromial bursa
What is a procedure that can be done to replace parts of joints that are damaged or injured?
Arthroplasty
Which cranial bone contains the cribiform plates, small flattened areas with numerous small openings termed olfactory foramina that allow small nerve branches from the olfactory areas of the nasal cavity to pass through and enter the brain?
Ethmoid
What small rectangular facial bones contain a part of the tear duct where tears and fluids of the eye drain into?
Lacrimal
What is the opening located on each side of the anterior lateral mandible, which is the exit site for a sensory nerve that supplies the chin?
Mental foramen
Which paranasal sinuses are the largest?
Maxillary sinuses
What reverse to a large rounded prominence which often provides structural support to the overlying hyaline cartilage in a movable joint?
Condyle
What is a disorder characterized by the excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region of the spine, also referred to as humpback or hunchback?
Kyphosis
Weakening of which part of the intervertebral disc can result in herniation and compression of a spinal nerve, resulting in pain and/or muscle weakness in the body regions supplied by that nerve?
Annulus fibrosus
Which vertebrae are the smallest?
Cervical
Which joint connects the scapula to the humerus of the upper arm?
Glenohumeral joint
Which bone marking of the humerus is located at the proximal end of the humerus and inserts into the Glenoid cavity of the scapula?
Head
Which bone of the forearm is located closer to the torso?
Ulna
Which carpal bone is boat shaped?
Scaphoid
Which joints ar formed between the distal ends of the metacarpals and the fingers?
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Which bones comprise the pelvic girdle?
Hip bones
Which pelvis is generally wider, as evidenced by the distance between the anterior superior iliac spines?
Female pelvis
Which joint connects the lower leg bones to each other?
Tibiofibular joint
What are the slightly moveable joints classified as?
Amphiarthrosis
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis that unites the hip bones anteriorly classified as?
Cartilaginous joint
What are the thin connective tissue sacs filled with lubricating liquid located in regions where skin, ligaments, muscles, or tendons can rub against each other, usually near a body joint that reduce friction by separating the adjacent structures, preventing them from rubbing directly against each other?
Bursae
What is a Metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckle joint) of the hand that allows for movement along one axis to produce bending or straightening of the finger, and movement along a second axis, which allows for spreading of the fingers away from each other and bringing them together?
Biaxial joint
What type of movements are possible at the knuckles (Metacarpophalangeal joints)?
Flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
Which ligament serves to support the knee when it is flexed and weight bearing, as when walking downhill?
Posterior cruciate ligament
What is a procedure that can be done to replace parts of joints that are damaged or injured?
Arthroplasty
What will happen to the bones in response to a weight bearing workout program?
Muscl attachment sites on bones and the walls of weight bearing bones will thicken
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the upper and lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdle
Which suture joins parietal bones with the occipital bone posteriorly?
Lambdoid suture
Which part of the mandible forms a TMJ with the temporal bone?
Condylar process
Which bones form the nasal septum?
Ethmoid bone and vomer
What forms the superior aspect of the nasal cavities and contains olfactory foramina where sensory neurons carrying scent information pass through from the nasal cavities towards the brain. This bone marking is a part of the ethmoid bone.
Cribriborm plate
How many vertebrae make up the sacrum in the vertebral column?
5
Which vertebrae are fused into a single bone in adults?
Sacral
What is a small bone located at the inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four vertebrae; also referred to as the tailbone?
Coccyx
Which bone of the pectoral girdle is its posterior part, held stable against the thoracic cage by muscles?
Scapula
What are the individual bones of the palm of the hand?
Metacarpals
Which carpal bone is pea shaped?
Pisiform
What is the largest and most superior part of each hip bone?
Ilium
Which pelvis generally has thicker and heavier bones with larger surface markings?
Male pelvis
Which joint connects the lower leg to the ankle?
Talocrural joint
What is the largest bone of the foot, which forms the heel?
Calcaneus
What are the immobile joints classified as?
Synarthrosis
Do cartilaginous joints have a synovial cavity between them?
No
Which ligaments that connect the bones of a synovial joint are fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule?
Intrinsic ligaments
What is the small lip of fibrocartilage which extends around the outer margin of the glenoid cavity and deepens it?
Glenoid labrum
What is the most common form of arthritis which is associated with aging and the wear and tear of the articular cartilage?
Osteoarthritis
What is the opening located on the medial side of the ramus of the mandible that leads into a tunnel that runs down the length of the mandibular body and contains sensory nerve and blood vessels that supply the lower teeth?
Mandibular foramen
Which paranasal sinus is the most posterior of the paranasal sinuses?
Sphenoid sinus
What part of the intervertebral disc is made of a softer, more gel like material and serves to resist compression and thus is important for weight bearing?
Nucleus pulposus
Which vertebrae have transverse processes that have a transverse foramen and are curved for spinal nerve passage?
Cervical
What is an irregular ridge running down the midline of the posterior sacrum that was formed from the fusion of the spinous processes of the five sacral vertebrae?
Median sacral crest
What type of movements are possible at the lumbar spine?
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation
Which ligament is the stronger ligament between the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament?
Posterior cruciate ligament
