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Exam 6 OB Flashcards

1
Q

what influenced early maternal practives?

A

affected by societal influences, generation Y (more interventions ex. epiderals, scheduled C/S)

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2
Q

early american colonists (17th century)

A

female family members/friends provided aid/support during child birth, viewd as natural, births occured at home, lay midwifes (no formal training)

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3
Q

what increased mortaility after birth in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centeries

A

postpartum fever

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4
Q

maternity History in the 19th century

A

florence nightingale, durgs were availble to allievate childbirth pain, specialized knowldge (anethesiologist) which led to lithotomy position and forecps being introduced bc moms couldnt push due to Rx

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5
Q

maternity history in the 20th century

A

eoidemics, to prevent spread of infection asepsis was emphasized and newborn nursing was introduced

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6
Q

what affected the 20th century

A

WWII, mother-infant couplet was effected bc of shortages

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7
Q

Mary Breckinridge

A

frontier nursing service provided health care to families isolated from health care

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8
Q

1960’s maternity history

A

family centered nursing, lamaze & Le Boyer, breastfeeding increased, midwife assited deliveries increased

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9
Q

what is the focus on todays birth experience

A

family and encouraging growth and development

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10
Q

what is the most common choice/trend for birth

A

hospital birth is the most common

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11
Q

LDRP

A

labor, delivery, recovery, postpartum

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12
Q

birthing center

A

alternative to hospital birth, free standing center, care by midwifes, low risk pts, no epiderals done here, OB provider availble for emergency

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13
Q

what is the priority with birthing centers

A

education and preparation

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14
Q

Doulas

A

person trained in labor support (pt advocate), do not provide nursing care

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15
Q

home births

A

increasing in popularity, prominent among amish, native americans, attended by lay midwives (no formal training), lack of emergency backup

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16
Q

birth plan

A

prefences in writing, Personnel obligated to follow as long as there is no interference with safe NB and mother

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17
Q

what preparation is done for childbirth

A

education is prioority due to leaving hospital quickly, education must be on-going,

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18
Q

what is the prime responsibility for nurse with preparation for childbirth

A

individualized education

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19
Q

home visits

A

conducted by OB nurse, provides ongoing assessment post discharge

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20
Q

nurse practitioner

A

masters degree, specialize in different areas, performs clinical assessments, completes procedures, have some Rx ability

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21
Q

clinical nurse specialist

A

masters degree, resource, staff education and policy making, prescriptive ability with additional certification

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22
Q

nurse midwife

A

educated in nursing (RN) & midwifery, low risk maternity and GYN care

23
Q

Nurse Researcher

A

Doctoral degree, new research at universities

24
Q

death that results from pregnancy, either pregnant or 42 days post partum

A

maternal mortality

25
Q

major causes of maternal mortality

A

hemmorrhage, HTN disorders, puerpural infection (r/t childbirth), pulmonary emboli

26
Q

what are the most preventable and early identificatoin and tx is critical

A

maternal mortality

27
Q

sum of inutero & neonatal deaths

A

perinatal mortality

28
Q

any inutero death at any gestation (ex still birth, miscarriage)

A

fetal death

29
Q

any death that occurs from birth to 28 days of life

A

neonatal mortality

30
Q

fetal death & neonatal death

A

perinatal death

31
Q

death occurs after birth to 12 months of life

A

infant mortality

32
Q

all fetal/newborn/and infant stats are expressed how

A

per 1,000 births

33
Q

why do we have standards of care

A

developed to guide care

34
Q

what is the purpose of standard of care

A

consistency care, know the standards of care, ANA & WHONN est. standards

35
Q

what are the most common errors in standard of care

A

incomplete or inadequate documentation or examination, failure to act, failure to communicate changes

36
Q

increased levels or estrogen and progesterone are produced first by what until around 12-14 weeks, and then they are produced by what

A

corpus luteum then by the placenta

37
Q

when does the placenta develop

A

3rd week of embryonic development

38
Q

when does the placenta take over production of progesterone

A

10-12 weeks

39
Q

at what week does the placenta produce enough progestrone and estrogen to maintain pregnancy

A

11th week

40
Q

what is the function of the placenta

A

produces hCG, 2 steriod hormones (est. & progest), waste removal, acts as lungs

41
Q

physiologic changes in the first trimester

A

breast enlargement & tenderness (bc of estrogen), abd. cramps after orgasm, N/V, fatigue, low back pain, fear of hurting baby

42
Q

physiologic changes in the second trimester

A

period of newnewed energy, increase pelvic congestion, increase libiod, improved sexual performance, orgasmic ability, decrease breast tenderness

43
Q

physicologic changes in the third trimester

A

increase backache, physical size of abd, decrease coital frequency, increase cramping with orgasm, increase urinary frequency

44
Q

in a normal pregnancy with no risk factors, is there a need for sexual abstinence

A

no

45
Q

when would sex be contraindicated

A

uterine bleeding, Hx of abortion, Hx of preterm birth, rupture of membranes

46
Q

when should sex always be avoided

A

forceful penetration, blowing into vagina, sexual intercourse with a partner with STD

47
Q

sex during the 4th trimester (postpartum) when to avoid it

A

perineal pain, healing episiotomy, breast discomfort, concerns about pregnancy

48
Q

difficulties with intercourse during the 4th trimester

A

decrease estrogen=increase vaginal dryness, prolonged with breast discomfort, lubricants are helpful, baby creates distraction

49
Q

symptoms or changes felt by women

A

subjective or presumptive

50
Q

changes noted by healthcare provider, but alone does not diagnose

A

objective/probable signs

51
Q

positive diagnositc findings

A

Positive sign

52
Q

name some subjective/presumptive signs of pregnancy

A

amenhorrea, N/V (morning sickness), excessive gatigue (1 & 3 trimester), urinary frequency (1 & 3 trimester), breast changes, quickening

53
Q

name objective/probable signs of pregnancy

A

changes in pelvic organs, Goodell’s sign, chadwicks sign, Hegars sign, McDonalds sign, skin pigment changes, fetal outlite, Ballottement

54
Q
A

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