Exam 6 Comprehensive Final Flashcards
Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?
coronal
In relationship to the wrist, the fingers are located:
distal
The movement of the body or body part towards the supine position is referred to as:
supination
When describing a method for obtaining a radiographs, it refers, to:
radiologic procedures named after individual(s)
All of the following are examples of unintentional torts except:
- committing a felony
- incorrectly labeling an image
- improperly positioning a pt
- negligence in providing pt care
committing a felony
axial refers to:
longitudinal angulation of central ray with the long axis of body
In a legal sense, a code of ethics embodies a:
standard of conduct
all of the following criteria must be present before a patient consent is considered valid except:
- consent was obtained voluntarily
- opinions on alternative treatment was provided
- adequate information was provided and all aspects of the procedure was explained
- the patient is of legal age, mentally competent, or has a legal representative
opinions on alternative treatment was provided
what is the patient position of the patient is lying on his/her back?
supine
decubitus refers to:
patient lying down and central ray parallel to horizon
what is the position and projection if the patient is laying on his/her left side and the central ray is placed horizontally to exit near the umbilicus?
left lateral decubitus, PA
a radiographic view refers to:
the image as seen from the image receptor
the ARRT’s principle of professional conduct includes all the following principles except:
- responding to patient needs
- negotiating salary and benefits
- investigating new and innovative aspects of professional practice
- supporting colleagues and associates in providing quality pt care
- obtaining pertinent pt info to aid in diagnosis and tx management
negotiating salary and benefits
which of the following is the best patient position description if the patient is lying on the right side?
right lateral recumbent
what radiographic view is obtained when the path of the central ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface?
anteroposterior
nonmaleficence occurs when which of the following takes place?
- good is done
- harm is avoided
- conflict is resolved
- good intentions are desired
harm is avoided
ethical principles are derived from the two basic ethical philosophies of utilitarianism and:
deontology
what law protects a radiographer who stops to render medical aid at the scene of an accident?
good samaritan
ethics is a discipline dealing with:
moral principles related to behavior
documenting any injury received by a patient or any error made by personal as soon as it is safe to do so is termed a(an):
unusual occurrence report
moving the arm laterally from the body is called:
abduction
the radiographer’s first and primary responsibility is to the:
patient
the need for specialized knowledge and intensive academic preparation making an individual aware of his/her conduct, aims, and qualities are included in the definition of:
professionalism
all of the following are considered radiographic body positions expect:
- AP
- RAO
- prone
- lateral supine
AP
An unintentional tort may also be referred to as:
negligence
when patients ask the radiographer about the examination results the radiographer should:
tell the pt the referring physician will receive the examination report
the positioning term flexion refers to:
bending of the joint
the principle of beneficence is:
evaluating the risk factors to avoid harm and to ensure a safe outcome
benefits of computer technology in radiographic imaging to include all the following except:
- ability to use a PACS or teleradiography system
- provides the opportunity for referring physicians to work off-site
- increased flexibility for the patient to choose a health care facility
- guaranteed computer security and confidentiality of medical records
increased flexibility for the patient to choose a health care facility
which position term refers to either toward the median plane of the body or the middle part of the body?
medial
movement of the arm toward the central axis of the body is called:
adduction
the leader of the health care team is the:
physician
the primary classification of body habitus include all of the following except:
- sthenic
- asthenic
- hyposthenic
- hypertensive
hypertensive
professional confidentiality means:
respecting the patient’s right to privacy
what is the patient position if a patient is lying face down on the radiographic table?
prone
what is the patient position if the left side is elevated 45 degrees from a prone position and the right side remains closest to the radiographic table?
RAO
the plane that divides the body into right and left halves is the:
sagittal
an ethics committee is responsible to assist:
solving a professional ethical dilemma
autonomy refers to the patient’s right to:
makes decisions concerning their lives
which of the following is a serious consequence which can result from reading the request form incorrectly?
- the quality of the radiograph may be poor
- the patient’s insurance company will not pay
- the radiographic examination may find additional disease
- a liability suit may be filed against the radiographer and/or employer
a liability suit may be filed against the radiographer and/or employer
the inward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint is called:
inversion
when you consider whether the good of an act outweighs the evil effects, you are dealing with the principal of:
double effect
what is the projection when the path of the central ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface?
anteroposterior (AP)
tangential refers to:
profile of a bony structure free from superimposition
the positioning term superior means:
towards the head
which of the following means “near the beginning”?
- distal
- medial
- caudal
- proximal
proximal
a tort may include all the following except:
- violating civil law
- personal injury or damage
- intentional or unintentional conduct
- only the physician’s conduct in performing patient care
only the physician’s conduct in performing patient care
the term ipsilateral refers to:
affecting the same side
battery may be charged by a patient of the radiographer:
administered treatment against the patient’s will
all of following are characteristic of a profession except:
- legitimate, socially recognized autonomy
- performs a service of significant social value
- knowledge and competence in a specific area
- performs under the direction of recognized professional
performs under the direction of a recognized professional
all are considered required skills of the professional radiographer except:
- critical thinking
- therapeutic communication
- patient education
- limited interaction
- problem solving
limited interaction
the first step to problem solving requires:
collecting data
a radiographer is assigned to perform and assignment that he/she has performed successfully a number of times. the mode(s) of thinking he uses for this procedure is/are:
- recall
- habit
- creativity
- a and b
- b and c
a and b
during the radiographer’s assessment of a patient, she listens to the patient’s explanation and complaint about his pain. this is an example of:
subjective data
a radiographer approaches a patient to whom he/she is assigned. he observes that the patient is favoring his left arm and will not move it. this is an example of:
objective data
in order to implement a plan of care for a particular patient, the radiographer must consider which of the following?
- the patient’s problems that have been assessed
- the need for assistance
- the patient’s comfort and safety
- all of the above
all of the above
aspects of patient assessment that must be considered are:
- the patient’s customs and values
- the patient’s self-concept and sexual identity
- educational background
- all of the above
all of the above
the patient has expectations of the radiographer who care for him/her. these expectations include:
- a clean, well groomed caregiver
- a person of the patient’s own ethnicity
- a person who is attentive to the patient’s needs
- a and b
- a and c
- all of the above
a and c
a radiographer who is a successful communicator has which of the following skills?
- ability to listen
- ability to speak
- ability to write
- all of the above
all of the above
a patient comes into the imaging department for a procedure. the radiographer notices that the patient looks frightened and unable to sit still during the assessment. this observation is an example of:
nonverbal communication
when communicating with a patient, the radiographer must consider which of the following?
- the patient’s age and gender
- the patient’s culture and ethnicity
- the patient’s physical ability
- all of the above
all of the above
the radiographer must always attempt to communicate in a therapeutic manner. he/she should:
respond to the feeling and meaning of the patient’s expression
when taking a patient history, what essential information must be obtained?
- the patient’s social security number
- confirmation of the exam to be performed
- a female patient’s last menstrual period and possibility of pregnancy
- the patient’s marital status
- a and d
- b and c
- b and d
b and c
when caring for a patient who has suffered a serious loss, the radiographer must:
be supportive and allow the patient to retain hope
an elderly woman loses her spouse of 40 years. shortly after his death, she becomes ill and requires hospitalization. one might suspect that here illness is related to:
grief
the most effective means of reducing friction to the patient’s skin when moving him/her is by:
placing the patient’s arm across the chest and using a pull sheet with a transfer board
after transporting a patient to his room, which of the following should you do before leaving?
- place the side rails up, the bed in the low position, and the call button at hand
- inform the nurse in charge that the patient has returned to his room
- give the patient food and water if he requests it
- a and b
- b and c
- all of the above
a and b
which of the following is the best way to move a patient who is very weak and unable to move over from a gurney to the radiographic table?
use a transfer board and at least three assistants
when admitting a patient to the diagnostic imaging department you should:
- take the patient to the dressing room and give proper instructions for the procedure
- give the patient directions concerning how to car for personal belongings
- assist the patient if he needs help with dressing or undressing
- all of the above
all of the above
when assessing the patient’s mobility for transfer, all of the following should apply except:
patient’s HIV status
what is the most effective method to avoid immobilizers?
communication
the leading cause of work-related injuries in the field of health care is:
abuse of the spine when moving or lifting objects or patients
which procedures must be observed when assisting a patient with a bedpan?
- respect the patient’s privacy
- seek assistance for an immobile patient
- always wear clean gloves when handling the bedpan
- make sure to offer the patient tissues/towels to clean up with
- all of the above
all of the above
which of the following contributes to skin breakdown?
- turning the patient every 1 to 2 hours
- friction and pressure
- wet clothing/sheets
- frequent diagnostic procedures
- a and b
- b and c
- all of the above
b and c
when caring for a patient who has a new cast applied to an extremity, what must you remember?
- hold the cast firmly at a position away from the joints when moving it
- observe for signs of impaired circulation
- support the cast with sandbags where needed
- all of the above
- a and b
- b and c
b and c
when moving a patient into an unnatural position for a radiographic examination, the patient should maintain that position:
only for the time is takes to make the exposure
what position is the patient in when he/she is on their side with the forward arm flexed and the top knee flexed?
sims position
what position is the patient in when he/she is in the semi-sitting position with their head raised 45-90 degrees?
high fowler position
what position is the patient in when he/she is lying on their back with their head lower than their extermities?
trendelenburg position
what position is the patient in when he/she is lying on their back with their head raised 15 to 30 degrees?
semi-fowler position
ingesting contaminated water, food, drugs, or blood is:
vehicle contact
the most successful method of controlling infection in health care settings is:
hand washing
yeasts and molds are:
fungi
infections acquired in the course of medical treatment are called:
nosocomial infection
when a patient is said to have hypertension, the diastolic pressure reading is consistently:
90
when a radiographer with a portable machine enters an isolation unit where strict isolation is practiced, he will need the following:
a cap, gown, two pairs of clean gloves, a mask, and cassette covers
nosocomial infections are developing in increasing numbers in the united states and throughout the world. a major reason for this is:
an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics
the institution that inspects work sites and protects workers and students from work-related injuries and illnesses is:
the occupational safety and health administation
standard precautions are to be followed at all times when working in the health care setting by all persons who work there. this means that all body fluids are to be considered infectious and include:
- breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid and tears
- saliva, vaginal secretions, and urine
- wound drainage, feces, and peritoneal fluid
- sputum, nasal secretions, and pericardial fluid
- all of the above
all of the above
the radiographer must treat all used needles and syringes in a particular manner which includes:
not recapping used needles
a stethoscope:
measure the apical pulse
an adult patient is considered to be hypertensive or to have hypertension if the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are consistently greater than:
140 systolic and 90 diastolic
which type of immunity results from antibodies formed by vaccination that enable one to form antibodies against that particular pathogen?
artificial active acquired immunity
oxygen can be toxic to patients if it is incorrectly used. what must you remember as the radiographer?
oxygen administration must be ordered by the patient’s physician
an inflammation of the liver cells that is initially acute but some victims can become chronic carriers is:
viral hepatitis
hypothermia may be induced medically for what reason?
to reduce a patient’s need for oxygen
contact with secretions transferred by sneezing, coughing, or talking is:
droplet contact
when a radiographer is to enter the newborn nursery, he must do the following:
- always wear a cap and mask
- always scrub the hands for 3 minutes
- always wear a surgical cap and gown
- always clean his equipment with a disinfectant solution
- both b & d
- both a & c
both b & d
which of the following may lend itself to nosocomial infection?
- long term use of vascular access devices
- retention urinary catheters
- wounds from surgical procedures
- respiratory tract infections
- an immunocompromised person
- all of the above
all of the above
touching contaminated patients with the hands is:
direct contact
which of the following are essential parts of the initial assessment of a patient who is in the diagnostic imaging department for and invasive procedure?
- taking the blood pressure
- taking the pulse
- listening for rales in the lungs
- taking a respiration rate
- doing a blood gas assessment
- taking the temperature
- a, b, d, f
- a, b, c, e
- all of the above
a, b, d, f
assessment of respiration includes all of the following, except:
- the patient should be in seated or supine position
- observe the chest for symmetry of movement
- observe if the patient breaths through the nose or mouth
- observe skin color
observe if the patient breaths through the nose or mouth
the normal oral body temperature of an adult is:
98.6 degrees F
clean gloves are to be worn by the radiographer:
any time he may come in contact with a patient’s blood or body fluids
systolic blood pressure can be defined as:
the highest point reached during the contraction of the left ventricle
inhaling evaporated particles in air, contaminated with infectious microbes is:
airborne contact
the most common means of spreading infection are:
human hands
the route of transmission of MRSA, VRE, VRSA, and ESBL is:
direct contact
which of the following items must be in the diagnostic imaging department and in working order?
- catheterization sets
- suture removal sets
- oxygen delivery
- blood pressure monitoring equipment
- both a and b
- both a and c
- both c and d
both c and d
which type of immunity results from antibodies which are received from another person or an animal?
passive acquired immunity
a sphygmomanometer measures:
blood pressure
when taking a pulse, what is usually the most accessible site at which to find it?
radial
the elements needed to produce an infection are a source, a host, and a means of transmission. an example of a source of infection might be:
- a radiography student who has cold and comes to work
- a patient who develops pneumonia
- a visitor in the hospital who has a fever or blister on her mouth
- a and b
- b and c
- a, b, and c
a, b, and c
a person who enters a health care facility with an infection is said to have:
community acquired infection
a colorless, minute, one-celled organism with a typical nucleus is called:
bacteria
touching objects that have been contaminated with disease producing microbes is:
indirect contact
a nosocomial infection that results from a particular therapeutic procedure is called:
iatrogenic infection
the smallest microorganisms known to produce disease in humans is:
virus
a patient may be considered to have tachycardia if the pulse rate is higher than:
100 beats/min
a safety precaution that must be taken when disposing us used hypodermic needles and syringes:
to place the syringe immediately after use with the uncapped needle attached directly into the contaminated sharps receptacle provided
what range of breaths/minute is the normal adult respiratory rate?
15 to 20
if a patient comes to the imaging department waiting area and is coughing and sneezing, the radiographer must protect other patients from infection. this is done by all except:
- asking the person to please refrain from sitting and coughing near others
- providing the person with tissues and a receptacle in which to discard them
- instructing the person to cough into the tissues and away from others
- removing the person from the area as quickly as possible
asking the person to please refrain from sitting and coughing near others
pulse oximetry measure which of the following?
the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
the brachial artery:
point where the blood pressure is most often measured
which type of immunity results from active production or receipt of antibodies?
acquired immunity
when you must schedule an elderly patient for a difficult diagnostic exam, it is best to schedule the exam:
during early morning hours so the patient can have breakfast as close to the usual time as possible
confusion and other symptoms of dementia are to be expected in an elderly patient. true or false?
false
when taking radiographs after a hip replacement, what must the radiographer remember?
the operative hip must be kept in extension
which of the following are considered elder abuse?
- physical
- sexual
- neglect
- a, b, and c
a, b, and c
the radiographer is responsible for using effective radiation protective measures during pediatric imaging procedures. which of the following are acceptable?
- ALARA
- appropriate gonadal shielding
- fast speed imaging systems
- proper collimation
- all of the above
all of the above
pediatric patients range in age:
infancy to 15 years
which of the following is the most common complication after hip arthroplasty?
dislocation
which of the following is false regarding the pediatric patient?
- they will respond in a positive manner to honestly and friendliness
- they will respond in a positive manner to close contact with strangers
- they will respond in a positive manner if explanations are brief, simple and to the point
- they will respond in a positive manner when only one person talks and directs the child
they will respond in a positive manner to close contact with strangers
it is the radiographer’s ethical and legal obligation to report elder abuse to the appropriate hospital department. true or false?
true
when working with an elderly patient, what physiologic changes associated with aging should you consider?
- loss of the sensation of pain
- loss of sensitivity to heat or cold
- diminishing cough reflex
- loss of sense of humor
- a, b, c
a, b, c
child abuse is any act of omission or commission that endangers or impairs a child’s physical or emotional health and development. true or flase?
true
which of the following are acceptable as immobilizers?
- pigg-o-stat
- mummy style sheet wrap
- tam-em board
-infantainer
- all of the above
all of the above
the definition of actinic keratosis is:
a slow, localized thickening of the outer layers of the skin as a result of chronic, excessive exposure to the sun
the radiographer must not always assume that all older persons have a hearing deficit. true or false?
true
lying in a hard radiographic table may be painful for the geriatric patient. which of the following would be acceptable to make the patient more comfortable?
- use of paper tape to hold the patient still
- use of sand bags
- use of pillows
- use of a full table pad
use of a full table pad
before entering the nursery, all x-ray equipment:
- must be wiped clean with a disinfectant solution
- be free of dust
- image receptors must be clean
- gonadal shielding must be clean
- all of the above
all of the above
the definition of polypharmacy is:
administration of excessive medications or of many drugs together
a patient with chronic pulmonary disease cannot be expected to lie flat for more than brief periods of time, since this position increases:
dyspnea
a toy or security item cannot be taken into the radiographic room for a pediatric patient. true or flase?
false
the radiographer must never assume that the parent is watching the child on an x-ray table and therefore the child should never be left unattended by a radiographer. true or false?
true
of the people over age 65, one fourth have postural hypotension after changing from a prone to standing position. this is due to:
a drop in systolic blood pressure of 20 to 30 mm Hg
a newborn infant up to 1 month of age is called:
neonate
to prevent aspiration, the consious patient should be in a(n):
semi-fowler position
the most common arthroplasty in geriatrics involves the shoulder. true or false?
false
the most important practice that a radiographer should do when entering NICU is
hand hygiene
syncope is a medical term for which of the following?
fainting
which of the following catheters is inserted into the superior vena cava and is used for monitoring, providing nutrition, administering meds, and drawing blood?
hickman
after being involved in a motor vehicle accident, the leading cause of death from internal injuries is caused by:
fractures of the pelvic bones
a rupture of a cerebral artery resulting in hemorrhage directly into the brain is:
CVA
in the trauma patient, the most common radiographs taken immediately on the patient’s arrival are:
- cross-table lateral cervical spine
- chest radiograph
- anterior cervical spine
- lateral skull
- a and b
- b and c
- a, b, c, and d
a and b
diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from a chronic disorder of:
carbohydrate metabolism
fractures of the base of the skull often have accompanying fractures of the facial bones. true or false?
true
a moderate systemic reaction includes all of the following except:
decreased blood pressure
the radiographer must observe the patient for symptoms of shock. the patient’s neurologic status and level of consciousness should be evaluated at the beginning of any procedure and reassessed:
every 5 to 10 minutes
if a patient begins to complain of a headache, develops a slurred speech or become restless, the radiographer should do all of the following except:
- stop the procedure
- stay with the patient
- begin CPR
- report this to the physician immediately
begin CPR
when radiographing a patient with a facial injury, which of following should be done?
- observe for airway obstruction
- be prepared to suction the patient through the nasal passages due to airway obstruction
- observe for symptoms of shock
- if any of the patient’s teeth have fallen out, throw away in the biohazard trash
- a and b
- a and c
- b and c
- b and d
- a, b, c, and d
a and c
when calling the hospital emergency team, this procedure is called:
code blue
gestational diabetes can be precursor to which type of other type of diabetes?
type 2
type 1 diabetes mellitus usually occurs in patients over the age of 50. true or false?
false
profuse sweating and heavy perspiration is:
diaphoresis
when getting a history from the patient before the administration of contrast agents, which of the following is the mist important?
- patient’s age
- patient’s physical condition
- patient’s food allergies
- patient’s weight
- patient’s previous incidents with past contrast agents
- both a and b
- both c and e
both c and e
for long bone radiography, always include the:
joint nearest the trauma and the joint farthest from the trauma
a pulmonary embolus can be caused by prolonged immobility. true or false?
true
consider all patients with head injuries to have accompanying cervical spinal injuries until it is medically disproved. true or false?
true
when the protective casing to the brain has been broken, this is called a(n):
open head inury
an abnormally high amount of glucose in the blood is called:
hyperglycemia
fractures that are common among elderly patients as a result of bony changes related to age and disease are:
fractures of the hip femur
which of the following radiographic exams best demonstrates a CVA?
CT
shock is the body’s pathological reaction to:
- illness
- trauma
- severe physiologic stress
- severe emotional stress
- none of the above
- all of the above
all of the above
what precaution(s) must a radiographer take when caring for a patient with a fractured extremity?
- support the joint above and below the fracture
- support the joints if moving a splinted limb
- inform the patient before moving the fractured limb
- all of the above
all of the above
the glasgow coma scale can readily observe which of the following?
- the patients eyes open to painful stimuli
- there isn’t a motor response
- the patient gives and oriented verbal response
- all of the above
all of the above
which type of diabetes mellitus is said to be the most common?
type 2
a pulmonary embolus is a common emergency resulting in approximately 120,000 deaths per year. true or false?
true
multiple rib fractures can cause:
- flail chest
- pneumothorax
- hemothorax
- all of the above
all of the above
before beginning a radiography procedure on a trauma patient, what should be radiographer always do to keep himself safe?
maintain standard precautions
which type of shock is a loss sympathetic tone causing vasodilation of peripheral vessels?
neurogenic
which of the following catheters are placed in the pleural cavity to evacuate fluid and air?
chest tube
seizures, respiratory and cardiac arrest are associated with a moderate contrast reaction. true or false?
false
which of the following are signs/symptoms of a CVA?
- dizziness
- stupor
- no speech
- severe headache
- a and b
- c and d
- all of the above
all of the above
trauma is the leading cause of death among all persons:
under the age of 44
which of the following are considered traumatic injuries than can lead to death?
- sports injuries
- chocking
- pedestrian accidents
- smoke inhalation
- all of the above
all of the above
what type of shock is most often seen in the diagnostic imaging department?
anaphylactic
shock is a life-threatening condition that may occur rapidly and without warning. true or false?
true
a mild reaction to a contrast agent is:
nasal congestion
the most mobile parts of the spinal column that are susceptible to injury:
- cervical spine
- thoracic spine
- lumbar
- coccyx
- a and b
- a and c
- b and c
- c and d
a and c
