Exam 1 Section 1 Flashcards
Ex: light from projector
divergent beam <
Pass directly through patient with to interaction/contact ( good x-ray, creates black image)
Goes into the patient and is completely absorbed, it changes the patient, not necessarily bad
primary radiation
completely absorbed radiation creates:
full white image
completely passes through creates:
full black image
The primary x-ray interacts with the patient and then scatters out any direction
Diminishes image quality
Bad for both tech & pt
scatter radiation
radiation that has gone through the patient
remnant radiation
contains the Latent image
image receptor (IR)
image that requires processing
latent image
the center of the crossing vertical & horizontal lines shown from light or laser for positioning
central ray (CR)
x-ray tube and IR are perfectly aligned with each other
detent
creates heat for the tube so you know where the x-ray is going
collimator light
standing erect, face directed forward, arms at side, palms directed forward
standard anatomic position
vertically through body from front to back, divides body left & right
median or midsagittal plane
divides into left & right, not dead center
parasagittal plane
right angles to median and sagittal, divided anterior and posterior
coronal plane
any plane which passes through body at right angles to the sagittal or coronal plane
transverse/axial, horizontal plane
front of body
anterior (ventral)
back of body
posterior (dorsal)
towards the head
superior or cephalic
towards the feet
inferior or caudal
away from median plane of body, from the middle of a part to right or left
lateral
towards the median plane, or toward middle of a part from left or right
medial
closer to origin of part or closer from midline
proximal
away from origin of a part or further from midline
distal
posterior surface (or sole) of foot
plantar
anterior surface (or top) of foot
dorsum
palm of hand
palmar
the palm of the hand or the sole (plantar surface) of the foot
volar
relates to the same side of the body or part
ipsilateral
relates to the opposite side the body or part
contralateral
towards the skin surface or on the body surface or external
superficial
away from the body surface or internal, further from skin surface
deep
move away from the central axis
abduct
move towards the central axis
adduct
straighten joint
extend
bend joint
flex
turn the foot outward
evert
turn the foot inward
invert
turn palm up
supinate
turn palm down
pronate
rotate limb away from midline
lateral (external) rotation
rotate limb toward midline
medial (internal) rotation
restricted to the discussion of the path of the central ray
radiographic projection
true or false projection and view are exact opposites?
true
describes the body part as seen by the image receptor, exact opposite or projection
radiographic view
refers to a specific body position of pt in relation to bucky or table
radiographic position
AP projection
anterior to posterior
PA projection
posterior to anterior
laying down on back, face up
supine/dorsal recumbent
lying down in any position
recumbent
laying face down, back up
prone/ventral recumbent
laying on left side
left lateral recumbent
standing or sitting with left side closest to IR
left lateral erect
lying on right side
right lateral recumbent
standing or sitting with right side closest to IR
right lateral erect
body rotated with left posterior portion closest to the image receptor
Left posterior oblique (LPO)
body rotated with right posterior portion closest to the image receptor
Right posterior oblique (RPO)
body rotated with right anterior portion closest to the image receptor
Right anterior oblique (RAO)
body rotated with left anterior portion closest to the image receptor
Left anterior oblique (LAO)
lying down with a horizontal (cross-table) x-ray beam
decubitus
describes a longitudinal angle of the central ray with the long axis of the body part, sometimes used with semi-half or oblique
axial projections
describes the central ray skimming between body parts to profile a bony structure and project it free of superimposition
tangential projections
radiographic procedures named after individuals recognizing their method to demonstrate a specific anatomic part
methods
two methods on credentialing examination are:
Towne’s method & Water’s method
on oblique positions marker should be placed on:
side down (side touching)
on decubitus views markers should be place on:
side down
Towne’s view
30 degree angle
res ipsa loquitor
the thing speaks for itself, obvious things that shouldn’t happen
respondeat superior
let the master speak, whoever you are working for is also responsible for your actions
defamation
liable and slander
written defamation
liable
spoken defamation
slander
Inward stress movement of the foot at the ankle?
inversion
Outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle?
eversion
What does axial refer to?
angle on the tube or body part
What is tangential?
skim the surface
the threat to do harm
assault
carrying out threat, physically doing something
battery
Who is our primary responsibility for?
patient
taking the good and outweighing the bad
Ex: exposing someone to x-ray for getting a diagnosis
double effect
What is autonomy in regards to patient?
pt right to choose and do what they want
What does ARRT stand for?
american registry of radiologic technologists
develops and administers certification examinations for eligible applicants in radiologic technology
establishes standards
ARRT
What does ASRT stand for?
american society of radiologic technologists
design preparatory education for a radiographer, develops position descriptions, develops the scope of practice, develops code of ethics governing professional behavior, provides continuing education
ASRT
The system or code of conduct and morals
advocated by a particular individual or group
ethics
Concerned with relations between people and
how they ought to behave towards one another
in order to live in peace and harmony
morality
Qualities or standards desirable or worthy of
esteem in themselves; they are expressed in
behaviors, language, and standards of conduct
values
Decisions are based
on the consequences
or outcomes of a
given act
The good of an
activity is evaluated
based on whether
immediate harm is
balanced with future
benefits.
Imminent Domain
utilitarianism (consequentialism)
Bases decision making
on individual motives
and morals rather than
consequences
Rules are followed at
all times by individuals
Examines the significance of actions themselves
It would not be ethical to kick someone out of their
homes in order to build a high rise building for
profit.
deontology
Using wisdom rather
than emotional and
intellectual problem
solving
virtue
performance of good acts
planning patient care to assure safety
goal is to do good and is achieved through active process
beneficence
Duty to fulfill commitments
and to keeping promises
stated and implied
fidelity
The avoidance and prevention of evil.
Duty to abstain from inflicting harm.
Goal is to do no harm (avoid evil) and is
achieved through passive omission
nonmaleficence
A health care model (priestly) that casts the care giver in the omniscient, paternalistic role of making decisions for patients rather than with patients
paternalism
the obligation not to take human life
sanctity of life
The obligation to tell the truth and not to lie or deceive others
veracity
What are the 3 practice standards?
professional performance, clinical performance, quality performance
