Exam 5 Section 5 Flashcards
a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, the body has an insulin issue
diabetes
The most common shock in our department is ________ because we use contrast
anaphylaxis
can you leave a patient unattended after giving the, contrast?
no
what is passing out/fainting called?
syncope
Abnormally high glucose in blood =
hyperglycemia
Abnormally low glucose in blood =
hypoglycemia
profuse sweating and heavy perspiration
result of allergic reaction, diabetic episode
diaphoresis
what is the first thing you should do if pt is in life threatening situation?
call hospital emergency team
Addresses three areas of neurologic functioning and gives an overview of the patient’s responsiveness.
* Eyes open
* Motor response
* Verbal response
Glasgow comma scale
If pt goes into shock it is a reaction of:
either illness, trauma, stress, emotional stress (all the above)
Is shock life threatening?
yes
Pulmonary embolism is typically caused by
deep vein thrombosis
Can be caused by prolonged immobility
Results in approx 120,000 deaths per year
50% of those that develop this result in death
pulmonary embolism
usually occurs in people under 30 with sudden onset that requires insulin injections
type 1 diabetes
most common, gradual onset, usually occurs in people over 40, controlled by medication diet exercise and weight loss, if not controlled can turn into type 1
type 2 diabetes
occurs in pregnant females, has to do with placenta, can also be a precursor to type 2 diabetes later in life, treated by medication and diet
gestational diabetes
Every radiography needs to know where the ________ is for medical emergencies
crash cart
Can be caused by embolus, thrombus, hemorrhage
A rupture of cerebral artery that causes hemorrhage in brain would be called:
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA; stroke)
What is the best modality for demonstrating CVA?
CT
Trauma is the leading cause of death among persons under the age of ___
44
Before beginning radiographer procedure on trauma pt?
maintain standard precautions
We reevaluate pt with anaphylaxis ever ___ minutes
5
When we do long bone radiography what do we include?
both joints
what are the two main fractures?
open (protruding through skin) & closed (badly broken but does not break through skin)
Pt who have head injuries should be considered to have accompanying:
cervical spine injuries
the cervical and lumbar spine are the most ______ and most ____ _____
articulating, easily injured
Two most common trauma radiographs?
Cross-table lateral cervical spine & chest
Which of the following catheters is monitoring
hickman
Which of the following catheters is placed to evacuate fluid and air?
chest tube
After pt has been in motor vehicle accident the leading cause of death is:
fracture or injury to the pelvis
Most common fracture in elderly patient when they fall is:
the hip and femur
Pt who has a fractured extremity the joint should be supported ________ fracture, and inform pt when ________
above and below fracture, we are moving it
the progression from onset that may not be detectable to dangerous stage from lack of oxygen
shock comtinuum
due to loss of blood or tissue fluid
hypovolemic shock
due to cardiac disorders (MI)
cardiogenic shock
due to the blood vessels’ inability to constrict and assist in the return of blood to the heart
distributive shock
due to pathologic conditions that interfere with the normal pumping action of the heart
obstructive shock
what are the 3 types of distributive shock?
neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic
Loss of sympathetic tone causing vasodilation of
peripheral vessels
neurogenic shock
Least likely seen in the department; caused by a
gram-negative bacteria
septic shock
More commonly seen in the department due to iodinated contrast media. Result of hypersensitivity reaction to an exposure to an antigen that was previously encountered by the body’s immune system.
anaphylactic shock
not enough insulin in body tissue
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome:
the result of dehydration
The human brain can survive without oxygen for only _____ minutes
4 to 5
When the heart fails to beat effectively, the blood
cannot circulate through the body, and the person
no longer has an effective pulse
Manifestation:
– Loss of consciousness, pulse, and BP
– Dilation of pupils
– Possibility of seizures
cardiac failure
Manifestations
– Labored, noisy breathing
– Wheezing
– Neck vein distention
– Diaphoresis
– Anxiety
– Cyanosis of lips and nail beds
respiratory failure
What does CAB stand for in regards to CPR?
C: compressions - 30 compressions at least 2” deep
A: airway - open the airway by head tilt, chin lift
B: breaths - give two breaths through the use of a disposable mask with one-way valve
is used to restart the heart or to determine the presence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation
defibrillation
Caused by a foreign object that blocks the main bronchi
airway obstruction
An unsystematic discharge of neurons of the cerebrum
that results in an abrupt alteration in the brain function.
A syndrome or symptom of a disease, not a
disease in themselves
seizure
two types of seizures:
generalized
partial (complex, simple)
Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a
person stands up before the blood in the extremities
has time to circulate to the upper body
Orthostatic hypotension
the skull or meninges are vulnerable to
damage and infection because its protective casing
has been broken
open head injury
The brain tissue swells resulting in pressure
and may cause brain damage
closed head injury
things to consider for a cross-table lateral cervical spine:
- C1 to C7: needs to be visible
- T1: Swimmer’s projection
- Swelling, alignment, fractures, or subluxation
- Sphenoid air-fluid levels
Chest images are ordered for a number of reasons:
– Pathology findings
– To view the bony thorax, lung field, cardiac
silhouette, or soft tissue
– Air and fluid levels
– Tube or line placement
