Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radt 2042 Patient Care > Exam 3 Section 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Infections acquired in the course of medical care
Most often applied to infections contracted in an acute care hospital

A

nosocomial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the US there are approx. _________ patients annually who contract nosocomial infections

A

2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors for nosocomial infections

A

age(elderly & really young), heredity, nutritional status, stress, inadequate rest and exercise, health history, inadequate defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A nosocomial infection that results from a particular treatment or therapeutic procedure
A pt may not develop symptoms of the illness until leaving the health care environment
Can trace back to how the infection was contracted

A

Iatrogenic Nosocomial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The _________ is the most common site of nosocomial infection and is associated with the use of indwelling catheters

A

urinary tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when body fluids are touched directly from person to person

A

direct transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fomite = syringe or dressing (any inanimate object)
Vehicle = food, water, drugs, blood
Vectors = infected animals or insects
Droplet = nose or mouth of an infected host
Airborne = comes from evaporated residue left from droplet

A

indirect transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

to eliminate as best as possible all microorganisms with the use of soap, water, friction, and chemical disinfections
disinfectant, removes most

A

medical asepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

microorganisms and their spores have been completely destroyed by means of heat or chemical process
Removes everything

A

surgical asepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The use of _________ is the number one way to reduce/break the cycle of the spread of infection

A

hand hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When are you required to wear gloves?

A

if there is a chance of coming into contact with bodily fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There are four major groups of microorganisms that are known to produce diseases:

A

– Bacteria
– Fungi
– Viruses
– Parasites and prions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

elements needed to transmit infection

A
  • infection agent
  • environment to live & multiply
  • portal of exit from the reservoir
  • means of transmission
  • portal of entry into a new host
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HIV usually results in ____, a disease that is currently
incurable and has a high mortality rate.

A

AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A patient must reach the ___ stage of the disease before it is classified as having AIDS. Once reaching this stage, ___ to ___ die within __ years

A

5th, 80% to 90%, 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An inflammation of liver cells that is initially acute, but in some cases render the disease to the chronic carriers

A

viral hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

types of hepatitis

A

HVA, HVB, HVC, HCD, HVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Health care workers most often contract hepatitis B from ________ ______

A

needlestick injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

has also become more prevalent in recent
years and has become the most common bloodborne infection in the United States

A

Hepatitis C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chronic disease caused by the spore–forming Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium

A

tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In ____, the CDC published updated and expanded guidelines to prevent the transmission of infection control for all persons working in health care settings

A

2007

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

This method of transmission occurs when microbes are spread on evaporated droplets that remain suspended in air or are carried on dust particles in the air and may be inhaled by persons in that room or air space.

A

airborne infection isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

vital signs include

A

– Body temperature
– Pulse
– Respiration
– Blood pressure (BP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

body temp is controlled by the

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Changes in the body’s physiology occur when the body temperature fluctuates __ to __ degrees

A

2 to 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

normal body temp for adult (14 years and over)

A

97.8°F to 99.0°F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

normal body temp for child (5-13 years)

A

97.8°F to 98.6°F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

normal body temp for infant (3 months to 3 years)

A

99.0°F to 99.7°F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A patient whose body temperature is elevated above normal limits is said to have a “fever,” also known as

A

pyrexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Four areas of the body to measure temperature:

A

– Oral (mouth under tongue)
– Tympanic (ear)
– Rectum (anal opening)
– Axillary (armpit)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

normal oral temp

A

98.6°F (37°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

normal tympanic temp

A

97.6°F (36.4°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

normal rectum temp

A

99.6°F (37.5°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

normal axillary temp

A

97.6°F to 98°F (36.4°C to 36.7°C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Nine Locations to Measure a Pulse

A
  • Apical: apex of the heart (heard with a stethoscope)
  • Radial: at the wrist at the base of the thumb
  • Carotid: neck
  • Femoral: groin
  • Popliteal: posterior knee
  • Temporal: front of ear
  • Dorsalis Pedis: top of foot
  • Posterior Tibial: inner side of ankle
  • Brachial: groove of elbow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

most common locations for pulse

A

radial pulse an carotid pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

pulse point for sterile invasive procedures

A

popliteal, posterior tibial, and pedal pulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

avg pulse rate for adult

A

60 to 90 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

avg pulse rate for child

A

90 to 100 bpm

40
Q

avg pulse rate for infant

A

120 bpm

41
Q

Respiration—Average Baselines adult

A

15 to 20 bpm

42
Q

Respiration—Average Baselines child

A

(1 to 10 years): 20 to 30 bpm

43
Q

Respiration—Average Baselines infant

A

(under 1 year): 30 to 60 bpm

44
Q

Systolic Pressure:

A

Heart is contracting

45
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Heart is “resting”

46
Q

Normal BP Range adult

A

Systolic: 90 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic: 50 to 80 mm Hg

47
Q

Normal BP Range child

A

Systolic: 90 to 120 mm Hg
Diastolic: 50 to 70 mm Hg

47
Q

Normal BP Range adolescent

A

Systolic: 85 to 130 mm Hg
Diastolic: 45 to 85 mm Hg

48
Q

hypertensive blood pressure

A

systolic consistently over 140mm Hg
diastolic consistently over 90 mm Hg

49
Q

hypotensive blood pressure

A

systolic blood pressure is consistently less than 90 mm Hg

50
Q

Sphygmomanometer =

A

blood pressure cuff

51
Q

When the level of oxygen in the arterial blood becomes inadequate to meet the patient’s physiological needs

A

hypoxemia

52
Q

Normal SaO2 values are
___ to ___

A

95% to 100%

53
Q

Adult (14 years or older) normal body temp

A

97.8 to 99.0 degrees F

54
Q

Vital signs are always higher on ______

A

infants

55
Q

pyrexia =

A

fever

56
Q

________ may be induced medically to reduce a patients need for oxygen

A

Hypothermia

57
Q

A person can die with temps above _________ degrees F or below ____ degrees F

A

105.8 to 111.2
93.2

58
Q

_________ is the most reliable place for taking body temp

A

Rectal site

59
Q

Most common place to check pulse is the _____

A

radial

60
Q

Don’t use _____ to check pulse because it has it’s own pulse

A

thumb

61
Q

Adult average pulse rate:

A

60 to 90 bpm

62
Q

abnormally rapid heart rate (over 100 bpm)

A

Tachycardia

63
Q

abnormally slow heart rate (below 60 bpm)

A

Bradycardia

64
Q

Adult average respiration:

A

15 to 20 bpm (breaths per minute)

65
Q

when a pt is using more that the normal effort to breathe

A

Dyspnea

66
Q

heart is contracting
Adult normal range 90 to 120 mm Hg

A

Systolic pressure

67
Q

heart is resting
Adult normal range 50 to 80 mm Hg

A

Diastolic pressure

68
Q

used to monitor the oxygen saturation in the hemoglobin

A

Pulse oximetry

69
Q

Normal SaO2 values are:

A

95% to 100%

70
Q

SaO2 value less than ____ is bad

A

85%

71
Q

O2 considered to be a ______ and must be prescribed by a ________

A

medication, physician

72
Q

Excessive amounts of ______ to patients who have COPD may depress the reparatory drive, and the patient may stop breathing

A

oxygen

73
Q

Face mask needs at least __ liters of O2

A

5

74
Q

Why is there an increase in nosocomial infections?

A

because of increased resistance of microorganisms because of overuse of antibiotics

75
Q

Standard precautions are to be followed by everyone working in the facility, this means that all body fluids are to be considered infectious and includes?

A

breast milk, discharge, cerebral spinal fluid, tears, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions, fecal material, drainage, peritoneal fluid, sputum, nasal secretions, pericardial fluid (all the above)

76
Q

What institution inspects sites and protects us?

A

OSHA

77
Q

When should radiographer wear clean gloves?

A

anytime there is a possibility of coming into contact with bodily fluids

78
Q

What can the radiographer say?

A

all except please refrain from sitting or coughing near others

79
Q

When you take a portable into an isolation unit what do you need?

A

cap, gown, 2 pairs of clean gloves, IR cover

80
Q

2 main categories for spread of infection:

A

direct & indirect (has multiple possibilities)

81
Q

What is a community acquired infection?

A

acquired anywhere other than health care treatments
Colorless minute one celled organism: bacteria

82
Q

Colorless minute one celled organism:

A

bacteria

83
Q

Yeast and mold:

A

fungi

84
Q

What is the smallest thing known to produce disease:

A

virus

85
Q

disease of liver

A

Hepatitis

86
Q

If you touch something dirty (with bacteria on it) and the bacteria gets on your hands that’s ______ spread

A

indirect

87
Q

What kind of spread is person to person?

A

direct

88
Q

If we ingest food, water, blood; what type of contact is that?

A

vehicle

89
Q

If you inhale evaporated particles in air what contact is that?

A

airborne

90
Q

_____ contact is wet moist secretions

A

Droplet

91
Q

MRSA is usually _____ contact transmission

A

direct

92
Q

What does the stethoscope measure?

A

apical pulse

93
Q

Why do we say that pt might have hypothermia induced?

A

to reduce their need for O2

94
Q

What does Pulse oximetry measure?

A

oxygen saturation in hemoglobin

Radt 2042 Patient Care (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions