Exam 5 - Treatment of Bacteremia Flashcards
How long do you usually treat S. aureus for?
6 weeks, there are a few exceptions that warrant 14 days of treatment
What is the term for bacteria in the bloodstream?
BACTEREMIA
What metastatic infections are caused by bacteremia?
1) Endocarditis
2) Osteomyelitis
3) Septic joint infections
4) Meningitis
What can bacteremia be a complication of?
- Pneumonia
- Cellulitis
- Pyelonephritis
What is the number one cause of bacteremia?
S. aureus
Name the number 1 cultured organism.
E. coli
What ANC value is indicative of the greatest risk of having bacteremia?
<500
What lab value differentiates bacterial infections from viral infections?
PROCALCITONIN
What does a procalcitonin level do?
If elevated, it differentiates between a bacterial infection and a viral infection
How many cc (or mL) are in one blood culture?
20 cc (mL)
How many blood cultures are usually drawn?
Two (40 cc or mL)
What does it mean when organisms are facultative?
They can grow aerobically or anaerobically
T/F: Normal WBC does not rule out bacteremia.
TRUE
Name the two types of bacteremia.
1) Intermittent
2) Continuous
What is the most common type of bacteremia?
INTERMITTENT
Name the 8 real clinical pathogens.
1) S. aureus
2) Gp A strep.
3) H. flu
4) Bacteriodaceae
5) S. pneumoniae
6) Enterobacteriaceae
7) P. aeruginosa
8) Candida spp.
Which organisms could be pathogens or contaminants?
- Viridans streptococci
- Enterococcus
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci
Name the 3 most frequent blood culture contaminants.
1) P. acnes
2) Corynebacterium spp.
3) Bacillus spp.
P. acnes, Bacillus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. are blood culture ________.
P. acnes, Bacillus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. are blood culture CONTAMINANTS.
Viridans strep., Coagulase-negative staph., and enterococcus could be ____ or _____.
Viridans strep., Coagulase-negative staph., and enterococcus could be PATHOGENS or CONTAMINANTS.
Name the six places positive blood cultures originate from.
1) Skin
2) Urine
3) Trauma
4) Immunosuppression
5) Lungs
6) Catheter-related
Name the four common organisms associated with catheters.
1) S. aureus
2) Coagulase-negative staph
3) Enterococci
4) Candida spp.
How long do you treat S. aureus catheter infections for?
Almost always 6 weeks
When can you treat S. aureus catheter infections for 14 days?
1) Resolution of fever and bacteremia within 72H after catheter removal and appropriate therapy
2) No evidence of endocarditis on TEE or suppurative thrombophlebitis by ultrasound, or metastatic infection by exam and testing
3) No prosthetic device
4) Not immunosuppressed
5) Not diabetic
