Exam 2 - Liver, Gallbladder, & Pancreas Pathology Flashcards
Name the organs & accessory structures of the hepatic system.
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
What does the term hepatomegally mean?
Enlarged liver
What does the gallbladder store?
BILE
What does the endocrine system secrete?
INSULIN
What are the functions of the liver?
- Synthesis/storage
- Metabolism/elimination
Name the synthesis/storage functions of the liver.
- Bile and bile salts
- Glucose and Glycogen
- -essential in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis
- Clotting factors
- Vitamins & Minerals
- Albumin & other plasma proteins
T/F: The liver synthesizes glucose.
TRUE
T/F: The liver synthesizes clotting factors.
TRUE
What protein does the liver make?
Albumin
Name the metabolism/elimination functions of the liver.
- Elimination of bilirubin
- Metabolism of:
- -Steroid hormones
- -Drugs
- -Carbohydrates
- -Fats - converts excess carbohydrates to triglycerides for storage in adipose tissue
- -Proteins - formation of urea from ammonia
- Elimination of bacteria and toxins from blood
- Cholesterol (synthesis, recycling, elimination)
Name the functions of the gallbladder.
- Receives bile from the liver via the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
- Store and concentrate bile for future use
- Maintains the solubility by CCK
- Regulates pressure in COMMON BILE DUCT
Name the main digestive enzymes (“Lil CAT”).
- Lipase
- Chymotrypsin
- Amylase
- Trypsin
What do the Acinar cells of the pancreas do?
Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes
When does the process of digestion start?
With the consumption of food
The _______ sphincter is the connection between the stomach and top portion of small bowel.
The PYLORIC sphincter is the connection between the stomach and top portion of the small bowel.
What is the name of the sphincter that prevents stomach contents from getting into small bowel?
Pyloric Sphincter
What is the name of the elimination point of the common bile duct/pancreatic duct into the small bowel?
SPHINCTER OF ODDI
What is significant about the Sphincter of Oddi?
It is the elimination point of the common bile duct/pancreatic duct into the small bowel
Name the cells that secrete pancreatic hormones and the associated hormones (AKA endocrine functions).
- Secreted by BETA CELLS - Insulin & Amylin
- Secreted by GAMMA CELLS - Pancreatic polypeptide
- Secreted by DELTA CELLS - Somatostatin
- Secreted by ALPHA CELLS - Glucagon
Which pancreatic hormone are we concerned with most?
INSULIN - secreted by beta cells
What do beta cells secrete?
Insulin
Amylin
What do gamma cells secrete?
Pancreatic polypeptide
What do delta cells secrete?
Somatostatin
What do alpha cells secrete?
Glucagon
