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PHA 415 - Therapeutics III > Exam 2 - Liver, Gallbladder, & Pancreas Pathology > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Liver, Gallbladder, & Pancreas Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organs & accessory structures of the hepatic system.

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
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2
Q

What does the term hepatomegally mean?

A

Enlarged liver

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3
Q

What does the gallbladder store?

A

BILE

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4
Q

What does the endocrine system secrete?

A

INSULIN

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5
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A
  • Synthesis/storage

- Metabolism/elimination

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6
Q

Name the synthesis/storage functions of the liver.

A
  • Bile and bile salts
  • Glucose and Glycogen
  • -essential in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis
  • Clotting factors
  • Vitamins & Minerals
  • Albumin & other plasma proteins
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7
Q

T/F: The liver synthesizes glucose.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

T/F: The liver synthesizes clotting factors.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What protein does the liver make?

A

Albumin

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10
Q

Name the metabolism/elimination functions of the liver.

A
  • Elimination of bilirubin
  • Metabolism of:
  • -Steroid hormones
  • -Drugs
  • -Carbohydrates
  • -Fats - converts excess carbohydrates to triglycerides for storage in adipose tissue
  • -Proteins - formation of urea from ammonia
  • Elimination of bacteria and toxins from blood
  • Cholesterol (synthesis, recycling, elimination)
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11
Q

Name the functions of the gallbladder.

A
  • Receives bile from the liver via the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT
  • Store and concentrate bile for future use
  • Maintains the solubility by CCK
  • Regulates pressure in COMMON BILE DUCT
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12
Q

Name the main digestive enzymes (“Lil CAT”).

A
  • Lipase
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Amylase
  • Trypsin
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13
Q

What do the Acinar cells of the pancreas do?

A

Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes

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14
Q

When does the process of digestion start?

A

With the consumption of food

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15
Q

The _______ sphincter is the connection between the stomach and top portion of small bowel.

A

The PYLORIC sphincter is the connection between the stomach and top portion of the small bowel.

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16
Q

What is the name of the sphincter that prevents stomach contents from getting into small bowel?

A

Pyloric Sphincter

17
Q

What is the name of the elimination point of the common bile duct/pancreatic duct into the small bowel?

A

SPHINCTER OF ODDI

18
Q

What is significant about the Sphincter of Oddi?

A

It is the elimination point of the common bile duct/pancreatic duct into the small bowel

19
Q

Name the cells that secrete pancreatic hormones and the associated hormones (AKA endocrine functions).

A
  • Secreted by BETA CELLS - Insulin & Amylin
  • Secreted by GAMMA CELLS - Pancreatic polypeptide
  • Secreted by DELTA CELLS - Somatostatin
  • Secreted by ALPHA CELLS - Glucagon
20
Q

Which pancreatic hormone are we concerned with most?

A

INSULIN - secreted by beta cells

21
Q

What do beta cells secrete?

A

Insulin

Amylin

22
Q

What do gamma cells secrete?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

23
Q

What do delta cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

24
Q

What do alpha cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

25
Q

Name the 3 major disorders of the liver.

A

1) Hepatitis
2) Cirrhosis
3) Cancer

26
Q

What are the 3 types of hepatitis in liver disease?

A

1) Viral
2) Drug or toxin induced
3) Autoimmune

27
Q

Name the types of hepatitis prevalent in liver disease.

A

A
B
C
D & E

28
Q

____ hepatitis is an acute release of enzymes as a result of acute alcohol exposure.

A

TOXIN induced hepatitis is an acute release of enzymes as a result of acute alcohol exposure.

29
Q

Which drug causes a transient effect of drug induced hepatitis, in which it ramps up production of liver enzymes?

A

PHENYTOIN

30
Q

Which form of Hepatitis can be put into remission?

A

B & C

31
Q

Which type of Hepatitis is a food-borne disease?

A

A

32
Q

Name the 2 chronic disorders of the liver.

A

1) Cirrhosis

2) Cancer

33
Q

What causes cirrhosis of the liver?

A
  • Alcoholic
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
  • Hepatic Encephalopathy
  • Portal HTN
34
Q

T/F: Hepatic encephalopathy causes cirrhosis of the liver.

A

TRUE

35
Q

T/F: Portal HTN does not cause cirrhosis of the liver.

A

FALSE

-Portal HTN is a cause of cirrhosis of the liver

36
Q

What is the only organ in the body that can regenerate?

A

LIVER

37
Q

T/F: A normal, healthy liver is fibrosed and nodular.

A

FALSE

-A cirrhotic liver is fibrosed and nodular

PHA 415 - Therapeutics III (17 decks)

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