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Thanatochemistry > Exam 5 Material > Flashcards

Exam 5 Material Flashcards

0
Q

____ is what you get when you have the oxidation of a polyhydroxy alcohol

A

Carbohydrates

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1
Q

____ are defined as derivatives of polyhydric alcohols containing an aldehyde or a ketone group.

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

SUGARS mostly, starches, cellulose and glycogen are the class of compounds we often identify with ____

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

In naming ____ we use the suffix “-ose”

A

Carbohydrates

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4
Q

Carbohydrates containing an aldehyde functional group are called the ____

A

Aldoses

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5
Q

Carbohydrates with a ketone group are called ____.

A

Ketoses

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6
Q

____ are composed of ONLY 3 elements which are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

____ are the simplest of the carbohydrates which are the “simple sugars” the provide about 4 calories per gram and are an excellent source of energy.

A

Monosaccharides

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8
Q

Monosaccharides with 3 carbons are named ____

A

Triose

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9
Q

Monosaccharides with 4 carbons are named ____

A

Tetrose

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10
Q

Monosaccharides with 5 carbons are named ____.

A

Pentose

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11
Q

Monosaccharides with 6 carbons are named ____.

A

Hexose

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12
Q

Monosaccharides of the greatest significance to the body are the ____ monosaccharides

A

Hexose

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13
Q

C6 H12 O6 is the molecular formula for ____

A

Monosaccharides

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14
Q

____ is an aldose which has several alternate names three of which are “dextrose”, “grape sugar”, and “blood sugar.” Its importance to the body is its presence in the ____.

A

Glucose

Blood

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15
Q

____ is derived from lactose (“milk sugar”) and is another aldose important to the body because it is found in the make-up of the ____ and ____.

A

Galactose

Brain

Nerve tissue

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16
Q

____ is a ketose known as “levulose” or “fruit sugar”; the sweetest of all sugars (2x’s as sweet as glucose or table sugar) and found in many fruits.

A

Fructose

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17
Q

____ are derived from the hexose monosaccharides containing two saccharide groups and are the equivalent of dehydrating between 2 monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

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18
Q

C12 H22 O11 is the molecular formula for ____.

A

Disaccharides

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19
Q

The disaccharides which contain the hexose monosaccharides are ____, ____, and ____.

A

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

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20
Q

____ is formed from the dehydration between a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose

AKA:
“Table Sugar”
“Cane Sugar”

A

Sucrose

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21
Q

____ is formed by dehydrating between two glucose molcules which may be hydrolyzed to yield two molecules of glucose.

AKA:
“Malt Sugar”

A

Maltose

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22
Q

____ is formed by the dehydrating between a molecule of glucose and a molecule of galactose; may be hydrolyzed to yield glucose and galactose

AKA:
“Milk Sugar”

A

Lactose

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23
Q

____ are the more complex sugars and will have many saccharide groups, and may be hydrolyzed repeatedly to eventually yield a monosaccharides

Includes:
Starches
Cellulose
Glycogen

A

Polysaccharides

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24
Q

The most important ____ to humans; and are found in plants such as tubers or grains; their complete hydrolysis yields monosaccahrides

A

Polysaccahrides

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25
Q

_____ occurs as a stored polysaccharide in the liver of man and other animals.

A

Glycogen

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26
Q

____ occurs in the make up of may plants and IS NOT digestible by the human digestive tract so it serves only as a bulking agent (such as fiber) in our diets

A

Cellulose

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27
Q

Highly specialized types of proteins are ____

A

Enzymes

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28
Q

Enzymes function primarily as a ____

A

Catalyst

29
Q

Agents which may altar chemical reactions without itself being permanently changed is the definition of ____.

A

Catalyts

30
Q

Enzymes are said to be ____ specific.

A

Substrate

31
Q

When you name a(n) _____ you do so by adding the suffix “-ase”

A

Enzyme

32
Q

____ is an enzyme which breakdown proteins

A

Protesses

33
Q

____ is an enzyme which breakdown lipids

A

Liposes

34
Q

Those enzymes catalyzing the decomposition of human remains are generally ____ (dissolved proteins) and ____ (mediates hydrolysis reactions) in nature

A

Proteolytic

Hydrolytic

35
Q

The two distinct sources of putrefactive catalysts are ____ and ____

A

Saprophytic Bacteria

Lysosomes (bactericidal cells)

36
Q

A unique characteristics of lysosomes are their ability to digest surrounding cellular substances. This self-cell digestion is referred to ____.

A

Autolysis

37
Q

____ is the branch of chemistry that deals with compounds of living systems

A

Biochemistry

38
Q

Proteins are biochemical compounds of major importance; defined as _____ (long chains) of many amino acids

A

Polymers

39
Q

_____ is a sugar derived from an aldehyde

A

Aldose

40
Q

____ is a sugar derived from a ketone

A

Ketose

41
Q

____ are the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino Acids

42
Q

The simplest amino acid is _____

A

Glycene

43
Q

All amino acids have both the ____ group and the ____ group; therefore they, too, may act as both acids and bases

A

Carboxyl

Amino

44
Q

____ is the ability of a substance to act as either an acid or base

A

Amphoteric

45
Q

Chemicals that ensure that regardless what the pH was at the time of embalming, the pH will NOT affect the embalming operation is te definition of ____ such as borax.

A

Buffers

46
Q

By definition a protein is a chain of amino acids joined by the ____ or _____.

A

Peptide Linkage

Peptide Bond

47
Q

Glycene and alaine can be joined to each other by the elimination of one molecule of water to form a _____.

A

Di Peptide

48
Q

Amino acids are linked together by peptide linkages, a ____ is formed by joining two amino acids together

A

Dipeptide

49
Q

____ of a peptide linkage can never exist by itself in nature

A

Imino

50
Q

____ of carbohydrates is the anaerobic breakdown of organic compounds by microorganisms into simpler products releasing carbon dioxide

A

Fermentation

51
Q

____ may also be defined as the oxidative decomposition of complex substances through the action of enzymes, produced by microorganisms

A

Fermentation

52
Q

____ are defined substances able to yield fatty acids when hydrolyzed

A

Lipids

53
Q

____ are made when alcohol combines with fatty acids, and are insoluble in water

A

Lipids

54
Q

Simple lipids are an ____ of fatty acids which when hydrolyzed will yield fatty acids and glycerol.

A

Ester

55
Q

____ are fatty acids that are all the same.

A

Simple Glycerides

56
Q

____ contain more than one type of fatty acid

A

Mixed Glycerides

57
Q

____ only contain ONE molecule of fatty acids

A

Monoglycerides

58
Q

____ contain TWO molecules of fatty acids

A

Diglycerides

59
Q

____ contain THREE molecules of fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

60
Q

____ is a fat… plain and simple

A

Glyceride

61
Q

____ is defined as the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or an oil to produce “SOAP” and glycerol (glycerine)

A

Saponification

62
Q

____ is the result of the saponification of fatty acids in the dead human body by alkaline substances in the water or earth surrounding the grave; refered to as “grave wax”

A

Adipocere

63
Q

_____ is defined as the substance besides glycerol produced when saponification of a fat/oil occurs

A

Soap

64
Q

____ is a mixture of two liquids which do not ordinarily mix (like oil and water) to which you add soap to cause them to mix

A

Emulsion

65
Q

____ refers to the process of creating an emulsion by adding soap

A

Emulsification

66
Q

____ are lipids that are esters of fatty acids and HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT alcohols, other than glycerol

A

Waxes

67
Q

The monosaccharides studied in the textbook are ____, ____, and ____.

A

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

68
Q

The disaccharides studied in the textbook are ____, ____, and ____.

A

Sucrose

Maltose

Lactose

69
Q

The polysaccharides studied in the textbook are ____, ____, and ____.

A

Starches

Cellulose

Glycogen

Thanatochemistry (6 decks)

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