Exam 1 Material Flashcards
____ is a branch of natural science that is concerned with the description and classification of matter, the changes that matter undergo’s, and the energy that is associated with those changes
Chemistry
____ is the chemistry of death, a study of physical and chemical changes in the body that are caused by death
Thanatochemistry
____ this is the study of matter that does NOT contain carbon
Inorganic Chemistry
The simplest type of matter based on composition are called ____.
Elements
____ is the study of compounds which contain the element carbon “C”
Organic Chemistry
____ is the chemistry of living organisms, or compounds produced by living organisms.
Biochemistry
____ is the chemistry involved in the embalming process, those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains
Embalming Chemistry
Chemical Measurements
Metric Sytem
____ is the standard unit of length in the metric system
Meter
____ is the standard unit of volume in the metric system
Liter
____ is the standard unit of mass in the metric system
Kilogram
____ is the standard unit of heat in the metric system
calorie or small calorie
____ is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius of stp (standard temperature pressure)
calorie or small calorie
Scales to measure temperatures are ____, ____, and ____.
F (Fahrenheit, may have negative temperatures)
C (Celsius or Centigrade, may have negative temperatures)
K (Kelvin, no negative temps can exist on this scale)
Freezing Points of water of each scale
F ___
C ___
K ___
32 degrees F
0 degrees C
273K
Boiling Points of water for each scale
F ____
C ____
K ____
212F
100C
373K
____ is anything that occupies space and possesses mass
Matter
____ are characteristics which substances can be identified
Properties
____ properties of substance in which can be seen without a change of chemical composition
Physical
____ are solid, liquid, or gas
State of Matter
____ is a measure of how well two substances mix
Solubility
____ is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume
Density
____ is the ratio of densities with water as the standard
Specific Gravity
____ are the characteristics that can be observed when a substance reacts with other substances resulting in a change of chemical composisiton
Chemical Properties
____ is a rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light
Combustion
Changes in matter are ____ and ____
Physical
Chemical
____ changes in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition
Physical Changes
EX:
Changes in State
Solvation
____ the ability of of dissolving
Solvation
____ is a physical property of matter ( solid liquid or gas) condition or phase in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure.
State of Matter
____ a change in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the original substance because the chemical composition has changed
Chemical Changes
EX:
Cremation of Remains
Decomposition of Remains
Preservation of Remains
Physical states of matter are ____ and ____
Gases and Properties
____ are state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from on another, they have no definite shape or volume, they take the shape of their container
Gases
____ is the conversion of a solid or gas into a liquid
Liquefaction
____ the conversion of the state of matter from a gas to a liquid
Condensation
____ the conversion of a liquid to the gaseous state
Vaporization
____ the movement of particles in solution from an area of higher concentration to a lesser concentration until equal concentration is achieved.
Diffusion
____ are substances that flow easily but do not tend to expand indefinitely
Liquids
Viscosity (thickness); surface tension, diffusion, solidification, crystallization, freezing, and boiling are all ____ of ____.
Properties of Liquids
____ is a measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid
Viscosity
Melting, sublimation, are ____ of ____.
Properties of Solids
____ are wetting agents; the force that acts on a surface of a liquid and tends to minimize surface area is
Surface Tension
____ is the movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Diffusion
____ the conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form
Solidification
____ the process by which a substance is given a definite form
Crystallization
____ a change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat
Freezing
____ the rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles through the action of heat
Boiling
____ the change in state from a solid to a liquid
Melting
____ a physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
Sublimation
____ are the condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume
Solids
____ is a gas that goes through sublimation
Dry Ice
____ are simple substances which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means.
Elements
____ the simplest part or particle of any element that still retains the property of that element
Atom
In H2O the 2 is called a _____
Subscript
____ an atomic or molecular species with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) electrical charge; an atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron or electrons
Ion (Monatomic Ion)
Al is the symbol for
Aluminum
Br is the symbol for
Bromine
Ca is the symbol for
Calcium
C is the symbol for
Carbon
Cl is the symbol for
Chlorine
Cu is the symbol for
Copper
F is the symbol for
Flourine
He is the symbol for
Helium
H is the symbol for
Hydrogen
I is the symbol for
Iodine
Fe is the symbol for
Iron
Hg is the symbol for
Mercury
N is the symbol for
Nitrogen
O is the symbol
Oxygen
P is the symbol for
Phosphorus
K is the symbol for
Potassium
Na is the symbol for
Sodium
S is the symbol for
Sulfer
An ____ is an atom that has lost or gained electrons
Ion
Every element in its free state is electrically ____
Neutral
The maximum capacity of the valence shell is ____.
8
The symbol of any element is a single ____ letter, and the maximum symbol for any element is ___ letters
Capital
3
Any element that has luster or is shinny and is malleable and ductal; and are good conductors of electricity are ____. Most tend to loose electrons so they are mostly positive.
Metals
___ gain electrons and are negative in their ionic state
Non Metals
Acids, bases, salts, and oxides are ____
Compounds
____ is a combination of two or more substances that is not chemically combined and is not in definite proportion by mass.
Mixture
Air, embalming fluid, and blood are different ____.
Types of Mixtures
Coefficient # (if present) X Subscript # (if present) X # outside () if applicable is ____.
Compound Equation
The ability of a system to do work is ____.
Energy
Energy which is stored is ____
Potential Energy
Energy of motion is ____.
Kinetic Energy
The smallest particle of an element is called the ____.
Atom
All atoms are composed of a central ____ with protons and electrons
Neuclues
The ____ move around the nucleus in the _____ or “____.”
Electrons
Orbits
“Shells”
The identity of elements are my by assignment of an ____ which is identical to the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Number
____ have no electrical charge; however they serve to offer stability to the ____.
Neutrons
Neucleus
Atoms may join together to form ____.
Molecules
Atoms of the same element which have identical chemical properties but different atomic weights are called ____.
Isotopes
For any specific atom, the electrons in the outermost shell are called ____ electrons
Valence
Atoms that are electrically charged because of a gain or loss of electrons are called ____.
Ions
The net attractive interaction between two atoms in a single molecule creates a _____.
Chemical Bond
____ have a strong tendency to change from an unstable form with an incomplete outer shell to a more stable form with a complete outer shell filled with orbitals.
Atoms
Those things which hold elements together to form new substances are called ____
Chemical Bonds
Compounds in which the atoms are held together by ionic bonds are called ____ compounds
Ionic
____ determine an element’s chemical property
Valence electrons
When electrons are shared between atoms a condition of ____ bonding occurs
Covalent
+1 charge is a ____
Proton
-1 charge is an ____
Electron
0 charge is a ____.
Neutron
The number of protons and neutrons =’s _____.
Atomic Weight
The ____ of an atom is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Number
NH4 with a +1 charge
Ammonium
HCO3 with a -1 charge
Bicarbonate
OH with a -1 charge
Hydroxide
NO3 with a -1 charge
Nitrate
NO2 with a -1 charge
Nitrite
CO3 with a -2 charge
Carbonate
SO4 with a -2 charge
Sulfate
PO4 with a -3 charge
Phosphate
CN with a -1 charge
Cyanide
OCL with a -1 charge
Hypochlorite
The abbreviation for an element is a ____
Symbol
The abbreviation for a compound is a ____
Formula
The abbreviation for a chemical change is a ____
chemical equation
A number written to the left or in front of a symbol or formula is called a _____
Coefficient
A number written to the right and slightly below a symbol or formula is called a ____.
Subscript
In a chemical equation the substance which are on the left side of the equation are call the ____
Reactants
In a chemical equation the substance which are on the right side of the equation are called the _____.
Products
Formulas are usually expressed as the ____ portion written first and the ____ portion written last.
Metallic
Non Metallic
_____ usually have positive oxidation numbers, whereas ____ usually has negative oxidation numbers.
Metals
Non Metal
In the expression of formulas, the products are obtained from the ____; and essense “change partners” that is plus to ___ and minus to ____.
Reactants
Minus
Plus
