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Thanatochemistry > Exam 2 Material > Flashcards

Exam 2 Material Flashcards

0
Q

____ are group 7 elements (salt formers) such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine.

A

Halogens

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1
Q

____ contains no elements, and is the most abundant in the universe

A

Hydrogen

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2
Q

___ is used as a bleaching agent and has good disinfecting qualities

A

Chlorine

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3
Q

_____ is the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Nitrogen

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4
Q

_____ is most abundant on the surface of the earth

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

____ is the most abundant compound on the surface of the earth

A

Water

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6
Q

The presence of calcium and magnesium salts results is the ____ of water

A

Hardness

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7
Q

The hardness of water that can be removed by boiling is known as ____

A

Temporary hardness

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8
Q

Hardness of water that can not be removed by boiling is known as _____

A

Permanent Hardness

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9
Q

Compounds in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize are known as ____

A

Hydrates

“Hydration”

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10
Q

____ a chemical reaction between a salt and water which produces an acid and base of unequal strength OR the splitting or tearing apart of compounds by the addition of water

salt + water <- acid + base

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

The removal or absence of water from a substance is dehydration or ____.

A

Desiccation

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12
Q

The disassociation of a substance or solution into ions is ____.

A

Ionization

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13
Q

A positively charged atom or group of atoms is a ____

A

Cation

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14
Q

A negatively charged atom or group of atoms is a _____

A

Anion

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15
Q

____ is the percentage of hydrogen ion in solution; tested with litmus paper either red or blue in color. The end color of any acidic solution is red and the end color of any alkaline or basic solution is blue

A

pH

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16
Q

The chemical reaction between an acid and a base that will always form from a salt and a water is _____.

EX: Ammonia and Formaldehyde (CH20) react to form urotropin (salt formed in the neutralization of ammonia) and water

A

Neutralization

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17
Q

Hcl -> NaOH -> Nacl + H20 is the most common formula for ____

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

A

Neutrilization

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18
Q

_____ are the compounds formed, other than water in a chemical reaction in acids and bases

A

Salts

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19
Q

____’s definition of an ____ “yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aquesous solutions”

A

Arrhenius

Acids

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20
Q

____’s definition of ____ donates a pronton

A

Bronsted-Lowry

Acids

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21
Q

____’s definition of ____ accepts a pair of electrons

A

Lewis

Acids

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22
Q

____’s definition of ____ yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions

A

Arrhenius

Bases

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23
Q

____’s definition of ____ donates a pair of electrons

A

Lewis

Bases

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24
Q

____’s definition of ____ accepts a proton

A

Bronsted Lowry

Bases

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25
Q

The lesser amount in solution is known as the ____

A

Solute

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26
Q

The greater amount in solution is known as ____

A

Solvent

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27
Q

____ solutions (crystalloids) are homogeneous mixtures of tow or more substances.

A

True

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28
Q

A(n) ____ solution is one which contains water

A

Aqueous

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29
Q

A ____ solution is one that contains alcohol

A

Tincture

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30
Q

A solid solution known as a(n) ____ is a metallic substance composed of two or more metallic substances

A

Alloy

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31
Q

The component of a solution that is present in greatest quantity is called the ____

A

Solvent

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32
Q

Solutions which contain relatively low concentration of solute are called ____ solutions

A

Dilute

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33
Q

Solutions which contain relatively high concentration of solute are called ____ solutions

A

Concentrated

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34
Q

The component of a solution that is dissolved is called the ____

A

Solute

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35
Q

The substance of a solution which does the dissolving is the ____

A

Solvent

36
Q

Relative to embalming fluids, a synonym for the solvent of water would be called the ____

A

Vehicle

37
Q

The amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent at saturation describes ____

A

Saturation Point

38
Q

Any solution that contains the maximum amount of solute which it is capable of dissolving at STP is a ____ solution

A

Saturated

39
Q

Any solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute which it is capable of dissolving at STP is a(n) ____ solution

A

Unsaturated

40
Q

Any solution that contains more solute than it is capable of dissolving is a ____ solution

A

Supersaturated

41
Q

When formaldehyde gas is dissolved in water the resulting solution is called ____

A

Formalin

42
Q

% (percentage), 1:10 (ratio), and PPM (parts per million) are all ____ in concentrations of solutions

A

Methods

43
Q

The number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas in 100 milliliters of solutions defines ____

A

Index

44
Q

The diffusion of fluids thru membranes or porous partitions describes ____

A

Osmosis

45
Q

Two (same) solutions of equal concentrations are called ____

A

Isotonic

46
Q

____ means more of the solute

A

Hypertonic

47
Q

____ means less of solute

A

Hypotonic

48
Q

In addition to true solutions , other solution like systems are ____ and ____ which differ primarily in ____

A

Emulsions

Suspensions

Particle Size

49
Q

Edematous remains would require to a more ____ solution in order to withdraw moisture with from the body tissue

A

Hypertonic

50
Q

Shrinking cells is also called _____

A

Crenation

51
Q

Dehydrated bodies should be injected with a ____ solution to build up cells.

A

Hypotonic

52
Q

Blood plasma, egg white solutions, or mayonnaise are examples of ____

A

Emulsions

53
Q

Milk of magnesia is an example of _____

A

Suspensions

54
Q

____ is the sum of all atomic weights of all atoms making up a compound

A

Molecular Weight

55
Q

Molecular oxygen is ____

A

O2

56
Q

Ozone oxygen is ____

A

O3

57
Q

Odorless colorless and tasteless gas are the ____ of oxygen

A

Physical Properties

58
Q

Oxygen combines with most elements to produce compounds called _____

A

Oxides

59
Q

A rapid oxidations in which heat and light are produced and is usually accompanied flame… Oxygen supports _____

A

Combustion

60
Q

Slow oxidation which will result in explosion is the definition of _____

A

Spontaneous Combustion

61
Q

____ acts like an oxidation agent

A

Oxygen

62
Q

____ “LEO”addition of oxygen to a substance, and the removal of hydrogen from a substance increases the oxidation number of an atom, and is the loss of electrons in a reaction

A

Oxidation

63
Q

____ “GER’s” loss or removal of oxygen from a substance, gain of hydrogen to a substance, decrease in the oxidation number of an atom, gain of electrons during reaction

A

Reduction

64
Q

The oxidizing agent is ____.

A

Reduced

65
Q

The reducing agent is ____

A

Oxidized

66
Q

Whatever is oxidized ____

A

Loses

67
Q

Whatever is reduced ____

A

Gains

68
Q

NH4 +1

A

Ammonium

69
Q

HCO3 -1

A

Bicarbonate

70
Q

OH -1

A

Hydroxide

71
Q

NO3 -1

A

Nitrate

72
Q

NO2 -1

A

Nitrite

73
Q

CO3 -2

A

Carbonate

74
Q

SO4 -2

A

Sulfate

75
Q

PO4 -3

A

Phosphate

76
Q

CN -1

A

Cyanide

77
Q

OCL -1

A

Hypochlorite

78
Q

Ammonium has a charge of

A

+1

79
Q

Bicarbonate has a charge of

A

-1

80
Q

Hydroxide has a charge of

A

-1

81
Q

Nitrate has a charge of

A

-1

82
Q

Nitrite has a charge of

A

-1

83
Q

Carbonate has a charge of

A

-2

84
Q

Sulfate has a charge of

A

-2

85
Q

Phosphorus has a charge of

A

-3

86
Q

Cyanide has a charge of

A

-1

87
Q

Hypochlorite has a charge of

A

-1

Thanatochemistry (6 decks)

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