Exam 3 Material Flashcards
In ____ everything is based on carbon, the molecules are large, uses covalent bonding, the reactions occur relatively slowly, and are made up of at least 10 families of compounds
Organic Chemistry
In ____ the molecules are relatively small, the bonds are usually ionic, the reactions occur rapidly and are made up of at least 4 compounds
Inorganic Chemistry
Maintaing 4 valence electrons in its outermost shell, ____ therefore may form a maximum of 4 bonds
Carbon
____ has a strong tendency to combine with itself to form large molecules
Carbon
There are four primary elements which combine with carbon they are…
- ) Hydrogen
- ) Oxygen
- ) Nitrogen
- ) Other Carbon Atoms
Carbon may be bound by adjacent carbon atoms by 1,2, or 3 bonds. However there is a limit of ____. Carbon has a combing capacity of ____ but the maximum number of bonds between two adjacent carbon atoms is ____.
3
4
3
____ is a chemical formula used to represent a class or family of organic compounds consisting of at least 2 parts
General Formula
The ____ or ____ is a variable length chain of carbon atoms which atoms which has lost a Hydrogen
Radical or “R”
R1 is said as _____
R prime
R-OH
Alcohol
R-CHO
Aldehyde
R-COOH
Organic Acid
R-CO-R1
Ketone
R-COO_R1
Ester
R-O-R1
Ether
R-NH2
Amine
R-X
Alkyl Halide
_____ is a chemical formula that tells you the total atoms in making up a compound.
Molecular Formulas
____ a chemical formula that shows the spatial relation and how they are bonded
Structural Formulas
____ is written on a single line to conserve space
Line Formulas
The hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only _____ and _____ as constituent elements.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Hydrocarbons are the ____ of the organic compounds which contain only two elements
Simplest
Those hydrocarbs on which carbons are joined together by single bonds are called ____
Saturated Hydrocarbons
The suffix -ane means it contains ____ bonds and those bonds are ____
Single
Saturated
1 =
Meth
“Methane”
2 =
Eth
“Ethane” or Natural Gas
3 =
Prop
“Propane”
4 =
But
“Butane”
5 =
Pent
“Pentane”
6 =
Hex
“Hexane”
7 =
Hept
“Heptane”
8 =
Oct
“Octane”
9 =
Non
“Nonane”
10 =
Dec
“Decane”
There is a fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in ALKANES which is expressed in the type formula ____.
CnH2n+2
The alkyl or R groups is derived from the ALKANES, whereas alkanes are expressed as ____; the ALKYL group has as its type formula ____.
CnH2n+2
CnH2n+1
CH4 is ____
Methane or “Marsh (swamp) Gas”
CH3 is ____
Methyl
C2H6 is ____
Ethane or “natural gas”
C2H5 is ____
Ethyl
C3H8 is ___
Propane or BBQ gas
C3H7 is ____
Propyl
One will quickly determine, among organic formulas, that two or more substances may have the same molecular formula - but different structural formulas - this would be an example in which substances may be ____ of each other (refer page 111-114)
Isomers
When multiple bonds are present in a carbon chain, the substance is referred to as an _____ hydrocarbon - it contains less hydrogen atoms than it could if only single bonds were present
Example: C4H6
Unsaturated
____ are only used with hydrocarbons
Type Formulas
____ is an alkane that has lost a hydrogen and can never exist by themselves in nature and have ODD numbers
Alkyl
C5h12 is ____
Methyl Butane
The simplest unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one double bond in the chain - and these are called the ____.
Example: C=C
Alkenes
Another form of unsaturated hydrocarbs in which a triple bond exists between adjacent carbon atoms are referred to as the ____
Alkynes
All organic compounds are classified as either ____ or ____. Straight chain carbon compounds are _____ (fatty) or _____.
Aliphatic
Aromatic
Aliphatic
Open Chain Compounds
The parent compound of all aromatics was ____.
Benzene
A single bond uses the suffix ___
-
Ane
A double bond uses the suffix ___
–
Ene
A triple bond uses the suffix ___.
Yne
____ and ____does NOT exist in nature…
Methene and Methyne
____ is the type formula for alkenes and only works for a single double bond
CnH2n
C2H2 or -C — C- is known as ____ and it’s common name is.
Ethyne
Actylene
CnH2n-2 is the type formula for ____
Alkynes
Familiarity with the benzene ring is noted; and the derivatives of benzene:
Methyl benzene — also known as ____
Hydroxybenzene — also known as ____
Toluene
Phenol
____ is the ability of an element to exist in more than one physical form
Allotropism
____ is organic compounds that have the same molecular formulas, but different structural formulas
Isomerism
____ is a variable length chain of carbon atoms which has lost a hydrogen
Radical
_____ is a chemical that represents a specific class or family of a specific compounds
General Formula
____ are saturated hydrocarbons with a single bond and it’s type formula is CNH2n+2 such as ____ “marsh (swamp) gas” , _____ “natural gas” and ____ “BBQ gas”.
Alkanes
Methane
Ethane
Propane
____ is an alkane which has lost a hydrogen with a type formula CNH2N+1 such as _____, ______, and _____.
Alkyl
Methyl
Ethyl
Propyl
____ are hydrocarbons which contain one or more halogen (salt formers) atoms such as ____, and _____ “carbon-tetrachloride”
Alkyl Halides
Trichloromethane
Tetrachloromethane
_____ are hydrocarbons that has the presence of at least 1 multiple bond such as ____ “ethene” or ____
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Alkenes (CNH2n) Double Bonded
Alkynes ( Triple Bonded between carbon atoms in the longest chain
____ is any closed chain organic compound such as ____ with 6 carbons in its makeup with 3 double bonds between the 6 carbons
Aromatic
Benzene
_____organic compounds which contain one or more OH groups
Alcohols
_____inhibit decomposition, destroy odor and eliminate their formation and inactivate enzymes. Components of embalming solutions that are used to inactive the active chemical groups of proteins and amino acids
Preservatives
CnH2n+2
Alkanes
CnHn2+1
Alkyls
CnH2n
Alkenes
CnH2n-2
Alkynes
