Exam 5 - HIV Flashcards
how is HIV transmitted
direct contact with infected blood, blood product, and/or bodily fluid
which 3 cell types are primarily infected
helper T
CD4
macrophages
where is CD4 located
antigen that sits on the surface of T cell
primary receptor for taking on the HIV virus
initial infection s/sx can occur when
within days to weeks
initial infection s/sx
fever
fatigue
sore throat
arthralgia
myalgia
N/V/D
HA
rash
s/sx with disease progression
malaise, fatigue
fever, night sweat
invol. weight loss
anemia
thrombocytopenia
leukopenia
mouth ulcers, thrush
pharyngitis
genital ulcers
hepatomegaly
normal CD4 count
> 1000
HIV CD4 count
< 500
CD4 count < 200 indicates ___
AIDS
can a person with an intact immune system have pneumocystis carinni PNA
No
pneumocystis carinii PNA is caused by a common
fungus
s/sx of pneumocystis carinii PNA
fever
cough
dyspnea, tachypnea
tachycardia
mild CP
sputum production
may lead to cyanosis and respiratory distress
leading cause of death among those with HIV
TB
s/sx of TB
productive cough
fatigue
weight loss
lymphadenopathy
this is often the first indication of progression to AIDS
candidiasis
candidiasis can cause these
oral thrush
esophagitis
vaginal candidiasis
when does mycobacterium avium complex occur
CD4 count is < 50
this is the major cause of wasting syndrome
mycobacterium avium complex
most common sites for Kaposi’s sarcoma
face + ears
common viscera sites: GI tract + lungs
average survival rate after Kaposi’s sarcoma dx
18 months
which 2 types of lymphomas are common with HIV
Hodgkin’s
lymphoma of the brain
common s/sx of lymphomas in HIV pts
HA
change in mental status
will a women with cervical can who has AIDS likely die from the cancer or AIDS
cancer
HIV associated nephropathy leads to these changes
proteinuria
azotemia
normal to enlarged kidneys
glomerular lesions
what is the leading cause of ESRD in HIV pts
HIV associated nephropathy
what 2 tests need to be performed together for HIV dx
ELISA
Western blot
they detect HIV antibodies
women with HIV should have this performed every 6 months
pap smear to screen for cervical cancer
what is the 3 goals of HIV drug therapy
suppress the infection
decrease symptoms
prolong life
4 drug classes used for HIV management
Neucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Protease inhibitors (PIs)
Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs)
how to know HIV drug therapy is effective
monitor viral load and CD4 count
is drug therapy single or multi-drug therapy
multi-drug therapy
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) end in what
-ine
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have what in their name
-vir-
Protease inhibitors (PIs) end in what
-navir
what is protease
an enzyme needed for viral assembly and maturation
inTEGRAse strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) end in what
-telgravir
why is tenofovir (Truvada) administered for
reduce risk fo HIV for those at high risk for contraction
tenofovir (Truvada) education
must be used with a condom
all pts with HIV should receive which vaccines
Pneeumococcal
flu
Hep A and B
HiB
caution giving which vaccines to those with HIV
live vaccines
MMR
varicella
rotavirus
intranasal flu
what abx is used with CD4 count falls less than 200
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
when is isoniazid administered
positive PPD, negative CXR
how long can HIV live on the surface
7-10 days
should you recap needles/syringes
No
what should be used to clean blood + body fluids
germicidal solution
1:10 concentration of household bleach is okay
PPE for HIV with bodily fluid contact
gloves
mask
eye shield
gown
