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M/S 3 > Exam 5 - HIV > Flashcards

Exam 5 - HIV Flashcards

1
Q

how is HIV transmitted

A

direct contact with infected blood, blood product, and/or bodily fluid

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2
Q

which 3 cell types are primarily infected

A

helper T
CD4
macrophages

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3
Q

where is CD4 located

A

antigen that sits on the surface of T cell

primary receptor for taking on the HIV virus

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4
Q

initial infection s/sx can occur when

A

within days to weeks

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5
Q

initial infection s/sx

A

fever
fatigue
sore throat
arthralgia
myalgia
N/V/D
HA
rash

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6
Q

s/sx with disease progression

A

malaise, fatigue
fever, night sweat
invol. weight loss
anemia
thrombocytopenia
leukopenia
mouth ulcers, thrush
pharyngitis
genital ulcers
hepatomegaly

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7
Q

normal CD4 count

A

> 1000

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8
Q

HIV CD4 count

A

< 500

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9
Q

CD4 count < 200 indicates ___

A

AIDS

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10
Q

can a person with an intact immune system have pneumocystis carinni PNA

A

No

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11
Q

pneumocystis carinii PNA is caused by a common

A

fungus

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12
Q

s/sx of pneumocystis carinii PNA

A

fever
cough
dyspnea, tachypnea
tachycardia
mild CP
sputum production

may lead to cyanosis and respiratory distress

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13
Q

leading cause of death among those with HIV

A

TB

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14
Q

s/sx of TB

A

productive cough
fatigue
weight loss
lymphadenopathy

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15
Q

this is often the first indication of progression to AIDS

A

candidiasis

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16
Q

candidiasis can cause these

A

oral thrush
esophagitis
vaginal candidiasis

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17
Q

when does mycobacterium avium complex occur

A

CD4 count is < 50

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18
Q

this is the major cause of wasting syndrome

A

mycobacterium avium complex

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19
Q

most common sites for Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

face + ears

common viscera sites: GI tract + lungs

20
Q

average survival rate after Kaposi’s sarcoma dx

A

18 months

21
Q

which 2 types of lymphomas are common with HIV

A

Hodgkin’s
lymphoma of the brain

22
Q

common s/sx of lymphomas in HIV pts

A

HA
change in mental status

23
Q

will a women with cervical can who has AIDS likely die from the cancer or AIDS

A

cancer

24
Q

HIV associated nephropathy leads to these changes

A

proteinuria
azotemia
normal to enlarged kidneys
glomerular lesions

25
Q

what is the leading cause of ESRD in HIV pts

A

HIV associated nephropathy

26
Q

what 2 tests need to be performed together for HIV dx

A

ELISA
Western blot

they detect HIV antibodies

27
Q

women with HIV should have this performed every 6 months

A

pap smear to screen for cervical cancer

28
Q

what is the 3 goals of HIV drug therapy

A

suppress the infection
decrease symptoms
prolong life

29
Q

4 drug classes used for HIV management

A

Neucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Protease inhibitors (PIs)
Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs)

30
Q

how to know HIV drug therapy is effective

A

monitor viral load and CD4 count

31
Q

is drug therapy single or multi-drug therapy

A

multi-drug therapy

32
Q

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) end in what

A

-ine

33
Q

nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have what in their name

A

-vir-

34
Q

Protease inhibitors (PIs) end in what

A

-navir

35
Q

what is protease

A

an enzyme needed for viral assembly and maturation

36
Q

inTEGRAse strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) end in what

A

-telgravir

37
Q

why is tenofovir (Truvada) administered for

A

reduce risk fo HIV for those at high risk for contraction

38
Q

tenofovir (Truvada) education

A

must be used with a condom

39
Q

all pts with HIV should receive which vaccines

A

Pneeumococcal
flu
Hep A and B
HiB

40
Q

caution giving which vaccines to those with HIV

A

live vaccines

MMR
varicella
rotavirus
intranasal flu

41
Q

what abx is used with CD4 count falls less than 200

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

42
Q

when is isoniazid administered

A

positive PPD, negative CXR

43
Q

how long can HIV live on the surface

A

7-10 days

44
Q

should you recap needles/syringes

A

No

45
Q

what should be used to clean blood + body fluids

A

germicidal solution

1:10 concentration of household bleach is okay

46
Q

PPE for HIV with bodily fluid contact

A

gloves
mask
eye shield
gown

M/S 3 (17 decks)

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