Exam 3 - brain tumor Flashcards
cause of primary brain tumor
unknown
uncontrolled proliferation of brain cells
s/sx of metastatic brain tumor
s/sx r/t increased ICP
decrease coordination (weak, clumsy, fall)
HA
pupils change
speech difficulties
vomiting (with/without nausea)
death r/t metastatic brain tumor occurs within __ years
2
what occurs during a decompressive hemicraniotomy
cranium is removed
dura opened for space and edematous tissue
most common site for aneurysm
circle of willis
what is aneurysm
weakened artery wall bleeds into subarachnoid space of basal cisterns
aneurysm s/sx
intensely painful HA
loss of consciousness
N/V
drowsiness
loss of balance
stiff neck
dilated pupils
photophobia
sudden blurred or doubled vision
ptosis
confusion, trouble with mental awareness
seizures
what test is used to dx aneurysm
CT or CTA
___ is the only treatment method for aneurysm
surgery
what is a arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
when the arterial blood shunts into venous system without capillary network
those with AVM are born with it but when is it typically discovered
15-30 y/o
small AVM are more prone to ___
bleeding d/t more pressure
s/sx of AVM
asymptomatic at first
after first bleed s/sx present at:
progress loss of neurological function
HA
N/V
seizures
loss of cosciousness
what are the 3 most common inflammatory disorders of the brain and spinal cord
brain abscesses
meningitis
encephalitis
inflammatory brain disorders are caused by…
bacteria
viruses
fungus
chemicals (contrast media)
what is a brain abscess
pus within the brain tissue
2 primary organisms r/t brain abscess
strep, staph
s/sx of brain abscess
HA
fever
N/V
visual disturbances
hallucinations
similar to meningitis and encephalitis
s/sx of increase ICP
drowsiness
confusion
seizures
what is dx testing is used to dx brain abscess
CT
MRI
primary treatment for brain abscess
antimicrobial
symptomatic treatment
may need drained if drug therapy is not effective
complications of bacterial meningitis
CN V irritation (sensory loss)
CN VII inflammation (facial paresis)
CN VIII irritation (tinnitus, vertigo, deafness)
hemiparesis
dysphagia
hemianopsia (half blindness)
CSF should be ___ not ___
clear; cloudy
pt position for CSF aspiration
fetal
pt position for bacterial meningitis pain relief
fetal
HOB should be not be in ___ ___ after lumbar puncture
high fowlers; okay for HOB to be elevated some though
precautions for bacterial meningitis
droplet and airborne
when can a person dx with bacterial meningitis be taken off isolation
negative test
neuro status is stable
fever has subsided
why does shivering need to be prevented with bacterial meningitis
shivering causes increase ICP
health promotion measures for bacterial meningitis
flu, PNA vaccine
meningococcal vaccine
early txment of respiratory, ear infections
prophylactic abx for those exposed
prophylactic abx for those exposed to someone with bacterial meningitis
Rifampin
Rifampin education
will turn bodily fluids orange
most common causes of viral meningitis
enterovirus
arbovirus
HIV
HSV
how is viral meningitis spread
direct contact with respiratory secretions
s/sx of viral meningitis
HA
fever
photophobia
stiff neck
moderate - high fever
what kind of recovery is expected with viral meningitis
full recovery
acute inflammation of the brain; serious, sometimes fatal
encephalitis
encephalitis is caused by ___
viruses
___ or ___ can transmit epidemic encephalitis
ticks; mosquitoes (west nile virus esp in Summer or early Fall)
s/sx of encephalitis appear in __ to __ days
2-3 days
non-epidemic encephalitis is caused by which viruses
measles
mumps
chickenpox
HSV
HIV
what should be worn outdoors to be prevent encephalitis
DEET
meds for encephalitis
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
vidarabine (Vir-A)
antiseizure drugs
